Table 3. Cost effect of different variable endpoints.

Clinical outcomes	Cost per outcome	Reference
Length of stay (inpatient days)	$1,553	Halpern et al. (10)
ICU (days), If applicable	$4,738	Halpern et al. (10)
Conversion to open	$3,162–$7,812	Premier database*
Transfusions	$1,142	Shander et al. (11)
Post operative complications	0.3× $14,009	Vonlanthen et al. (12)
Minor complications	0.3× $14,009	Vonlanthen et al. (12)
Major complications	2.8× $14,009	Vonlanthen et al. (12)
OR time (min)	$11	Chatterjee (13)

*, Internal estimates based on 2013 National Premier database. Analysis and data, including ICD-9 codes, are on file.