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| STUDY ID | Reduced visits | Standard care | Cluster number and ICC |
| Individual randomisation | |||
| USA 1995 | 37/227 | 25/174 | |
| USA 1996 | 151/1165 | 140/1163 | |
| England 1996 | 189/1360 | 215/1396 | |
| USA 1997 | 0/43 | 3/38 | |
| Cluster randomisation | |||
| WHO 2001 | 1640/11672 | 1569/11121 | 53 clinics ICC from WHO 2001 (Piaggio 2001) 0.0044. |
