| Methods |
Concealment ‐ opaque envelopes.
Blinding of randomization by card selection method.
Blinding of intervention ‐ no.
Completeness of follow up ‐ yes.
Blinding of outcome assessment ‐ yes for xrays no for other outcomes. |
| Participants |
91 ventilated newborn infants of varying birth weight, mean gestational age approximately 31 weeks in nasal and 32 weeks in oral group. Stratified by weight groups |
| Interventions |
Endotracheal intubation by either nasal or oral route |
| Outcomes |
Procedure failure reported by original groups as randomized. For other outcomes failed nasal intubation infants (6) included in oral group ‐ malposition, tube blockage, post extubation right upper lobe atelectasis, clinical infection. |
| Notes |
Results not stratified by weight. |
| Risk of bias |
| Bias |
Authors' judgement |
Support for judgement |
| Allocation concealment? |
Low risk |
A ‐ Adequate |
