Spitzer 1982.

Methods	Allocation concealment ‐ can't tell. Randomization into blocks of two in order to stratify according to birth weight. The intervention was randomized for the first infant entering into a birth weight category and the next infant received the other intervention. Blinding of intervention ‐ no. Completeness of follow‐up ‐ no, as 14 additional infants were excluded because of early death or because they required ventilation for <48 hours. Blinding of outcome ‐ no.
Participants	Analysis resulted in 86 newborn infants requiring ventilation for >48 hours. Stratified into weight groups >3000 gram and 3000 gram and less divided into 500 grams groups
Interventions	Endotracheal intubation by either nasal or oral route
Outcomes	Tube blockage Pneumothorax Post extubation atelectasis reported by weight groups Re‐intubation Local trauma
Notes	The focus of the study was on post‐extubation atelectasis
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	B ‐ Unclear