Study	Reason for exclusion
Dankle 1987	Retrospective analysis of infants intubated using predominantly orotracheal tubes. No comparison made between the two routes of intubation.
Erenberg 1984	Infants requiring orotracheal or orogastric tubes were studied for palatal grooves using maxillary casts. It was not stated how the infants were recruited into the study. No comparison between two routes of intubation.
Gowdar 1980	Cohort study of infants who required nasal CPAP and/or nasal intubation. No comparison with oral route of intubation.
Noblett 1995	The study evaluated the performance of respiratory care practitioners through self evaluation following each oral intubation. No comparison with nasal route of intubation.
Stewart 1980	Retrospective review of surviving infants who required nasotracheal intubation. No comparison with oral route of intubation.