Tjandra 2003.

Methods	Allocation: unclear Blinding: participants blinded to repair. No mention of blinding of surgeons or outcome assessors Withdrawals: none Intention‐to‐treat: yes Follow‐up period: median 18 months (range 10‐34 months) Setting: single centre, Australia Exclusion criteria: patients with prolonged pudendal nerve terminal motor latency
Participants	Sample size = 23 Median age = 46 years (range 31‐71 years) Women with localised anterior defect of external sphincter after obstetric damage
Interventions	Overlap sphincter repair versus direct end to end repair
Outcomes	Primary outcomes: ‐ no change in incontinence Secondary outcomes: ‐ adverse function ‐ complications ‐ physiological outcomes ‐ incontinence score
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	B ‐ Unclear