Fig. 5.

Backscattered scanning electron microscopy images showing bone regeneration in the soft or stiff titanium-mesh scaffolds: (a) soft and shielding plate; (b) stiff and shield plates; (c)–(e) bone regeneration with lower mineralization and less dense organization indicated by the woven bone appearance (darker gray areas) around scaffolds; (f) older dense plexiform bone (brighter gray areas) with higher mineralization existed close to the adjacent tibia; (g) the lamellar bone (brighter gray scale), with higher mineralization than the plexiform bone, adjacent tibia; (h) bone density reduction of the cortical is appeared at the interface of adjacent scaffold; (i) bone-scaffold direct contact in the still scaffolds [119]. Reprint with permission.