Table 1.

Typical Janus fabrication methods, compositions, particle size, and morphologies.

Fabrication methods	Compositions	Morphologies	Schematic	Size	Ref
Phase separation	PS-P2VP	Dumbbell		Nanoparticles	[78]
	PtBA/PS	Hamburger,		Nanoparticles	[95]
	PLLA/PS	Spherical		Nanoparticles	[96]
Immobilization	SiO2–Au	Spherical		Nanoparticles	[87]
	SiO2-PS	Snowman		Nanoparticles	[97]
	ZnO-PS	Irregular		Microparticles	[89]
Surface-controlled nucleation and growth	silica@RF	Bonsai-like		Nanoparticles	[85]
	Au–SiO2	Octopus-type		Nanoparticles	[17]
	Au–Fe3O4	Dumbbell		Nanoparticles	[98]
Self-assembly	PS-PI-PMMA	Irregular		Nanoparticles	[99]
	PS-b-P4VP	Raspberry		Nanoparticles	[79]
	PS-b-P4VP	Irregular		Nanoparticles	[100]
Microfluidics	Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)	Discoid, rod, Spherical		Microparticles	[80]
	PNIPAAm-SPO-fluorophore-PMBA	Snowman		Microparticles	[101]
	PNIPA-SPO	Snowman		Microparticles	[102]
Emulsion polymerization	SiO2-polymer	Core-shell-corona		Nanoparticles	[103]
	PVDF/P(St-co-tBA)	Raspberry		Nanoparticles	[104]
	TPGDA/DMS	Snowman		Microparticles	[105]