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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 9.
Published in final edited form as: Eur Urol Oncol. 2018 Jun 11;1(5):353–360. doi: 10.1016/j.euo.2018.04.012

Table 2 –

Comparison of urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, and recurrence rates for various definitions at 24 mo after robot-assisted and open radical prostatectomy

Outcome and adjustment a Patients, n/N (%)
OR (95% CI) p value
Total RRP RALP
Urinary incontinence
Change of pad at least once per 24 h 2235 99/627 (16) 305/1608 (19)
 A 1.32 (1.02–1.70) 0.034
 A + B 1.29 (1.00–1.67) 0.053
 A + B + C 1.33 (1.03–1.73) 0.030
Not pad-free or not leakage-free (night or day) 2180 294/615 (48) 806/1565 (52)
 A 1.21 (1.00–1.46) 0.053
 A + B 1.20 (0.99–1.46) 0.060
 A + B + C 1.22 (1.00–1.48) 0.046
More than 2 daytime leakage in last month 2207 184/619 (30) 512/1588 (32)
 A 1.16 (0.95–1.43) 0.15
 A + B 1.14 (0.93–1.41) 0.2
 A + B + C 1.18 (0.96–1.46) 0.12
Any daytime leakage in last month 2186 279/618 (45) 760/1568 (48)
 A 1.17 (0.97–1.42) 0.10
 A + B 1.17 (0.97–1.42) 0.10
 A + B + C 1.19 (0.98–1.45) 0.075
Do you have urinary leakage?
 A 2242 87/628 (14) 267/1614 (17) 1.28 (0.98–1.68) 0.066
 A + B 1.24 (0.95–1.62) 0.12
 A + B + C 1.28 (0.97–1.68) 0.079
Urinary discomfort 2212 185/621 (30) 495/1591 (31)
 A 1.09 (0.89–1.33) 0.4
 A + B 1.07 (0.87–1.32) 0.5
 A + B + C 1.09 (0.89–1.34) 0.4
Erectile dysfunction
Erection not sufficient for penetration b 2168 446/603 (74) 1072/1565 (68)
 A 0.75 (0.59–0.94) 0.013
 A + B 0.72 (0.57–0.91) 0.006
 A + B + C 0.75 (0.59–0.96) 0.023
IIEF-5 score c at 24 mo <17 2163 482/605 (80) 1163/1558 (75)
 A 0.73 (0.57–0.94) 0.014
 A + B 0.69 (0.54–0.89) 0.004
 A + B + C 0.72 (0.56–0.94) 0.015
IIEF-5 score c at 24 mo <22 2152 541/601 (90) 1314/1551 (85)
 A 0.60 (0.44–0.83) 0.002
 A + B 0.54 (0.39–0.75) 0.0002
 A + B + C 0.56 (0.40–0.78) 0.001
Penile stiffness <50% of the time 2169 477/608 (78) 1139/1561 (73)
 A 0.74 (0.58–0.94) 0.014
 A + B 0.70 (0.55–0.89) 0.004
 A + B + C 0.71 (0.55–0.92) 0.010
No spontaneous morning erection 2152 530/602 (88) 1272/1550 (82)
 A 0.62 (0.47–0.83) 0.001
 A + B 0.57 (0.43–0.77) 0.0002
 A + B + C 0.58 (0.43–0.78) 0.0004
No spontaneous morning erections and penile stiffness <50% of the time 2172 461/609 (76) 1085/1563 (69)
 A 0.72 (0.57–0.91) 0.005
 A + B 0.67 (0.53–0.85) 0.001
 A + B + C 0.69 (0.54–0.88) 0.003
Recurrent or residual disease A 2157 83/633 (13) 191/1524 (13) 0.79 (0.59–1.07) 0.13

RALP = robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy; RRP = open retropubic radical prostatectomy; CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio; IIEF = International Index of Erectile Function.

a

Adjustment A for urinary incontinence: age, preoperative continence, body mass index, history of inguinal hernia, prior abdominal surgery, diabetes, history of pulmonary disease, history of mental disorder, and pathology prostate weight; for erectile dysfunction: age, preoperative potency, diabetes, history of inguinal hernia, smoking status, relationship status, and history of cardiovascular disease; and for recurrent or residual disease: pathology Gleason grade, pathology T stage, preoperative prostate-specific antigen, and pathology prostate weight. Adjustment B: clinical T stage, preoperative prostate-specific antigen, biopsy Gleason grade, and length of cancer in biopsy cores. Adjustment C: degree of neurovascular bundle preservation.

b

IIEF questionnaire, question 3: “When you had erections with sexual stimulation, how often was your erection hard enough for penetration during the last 3 months?” with cutoff between response 2 and 3. The following responses were available: 0, no sexual activity; 1, almost never or never; 2, a few times (much less than half the time); 3, sometimes (about half the time); 4, most times (much more than half the time); and 5, almost always or always.

c

IIEF questionnaire modified version with five questions, six answer categories, 0–5 points per question; score <17 = erectile dysfunction; score <22 = some erectile function.