Table 2 –
Outcome and adjustment a | Patients, n/N (%) |
OR (95% CI) | p value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | RRP | RALP | |||
Urinary incontinence | |||||
Change of pad at least once per 24 h | 2235 | 99/627 (16) | 305/1608 (19) | ||
A | 1.32 (1.02–1.70) | 0.034 | |||
A + B | 1.29 (1.00–1.67) | 0.053 | |||
A + B + C | 1.33 (1.03–1.73) | 0.030 | |||
Not pad-free or not leakage-free (night or day) | 2180 | 294/615 (48) | 806/1565 (52) | ||
A | 1.21 (1.00–1.46) | 0.053 | |||
A + B | 1.20 (0.99–1.46) | 0.060 | |||
A + B + C | 1.22 (1.00–1.48) | 0.046 | |||
More than 2 daytime leakage in last month | 2207 | 184/619 (30) | 512/1588 (32) | ||
A | 1.16 (0.95–1.43) | 0.15 | |||
A + B | 1.14 (0.93–1.41) | 0.2 | |||
A + B + C | 1.18 (0.96–1.46) | 0.12 | |||
Any daytime leakage in last month | 2186 | 279/618 (45) | 760/1568 (48) | ||
A | 1.17 (0.97–1.42) | 0.10 | |||
A + B | 1.17 (0.97–1.42) | 0.10 | |||
A + B + C | 1.19 (0.98–1.45) | 0.075 | |||
Do you have urinary leakage? | |||||
A | 2242 | 87/628 (14) | 267/1614 (17) | 1.28 (0.98–1.68) | 0.066 |
A + B | 1.24 (0.95–1.62) | 0.12 | |||
A + B + C | 1.28 (0.97–1.68) | 0.079 | |||
Urinary discomfort | 2212 | 185/621 (30) | 495/1591 (31) | ||
A | 1.09 (0.89–1.33) | 0.4 | |||
A + B | 1.07 (0.87–1.32) | 0.5 | |||
A + B + C | 1.09 (0.89–1.34) | 0.4 | |||
Erectile dysfunction | |||||
Erection not sufficient for penetration b | 2168 | 446/603 (74) | 1072/1565 (68) | ||
A | 0.75 (0.59–0.94) | 0.013 | |||
A + B | 0.72 (0.57–0.91) | 0.006 | |||
A + B + C | 0.75 (0.59–0.96) | 0.023 | |||
IIEF-5 score c at 24 mo <17 | 2163 | 482/605 (80) | 1163/1558 (75) | ||
A | 0.73 (0.57–0.94) | 0.014 | |||
A + B | 0.69 (0.54–0.89) | 0.004 | |||
A + B + C | 0.72 (0.56–0.94) | 0.015 | |||
IIEF-5 score c at 24 mo <22 | 2152 | 541/601 (90) | 1314/1551 (85) | ||
A | 0.60 (0.44–0.83) | 0.002 | |||
A + B | 0.54 (0.39–0.75) | 0.0002 | |||
A + B + C | 0.56 (0.40–0.78) | 0.001 | |||
Penile stiffness <50% of the time | 2169 | 477/608 (78) | 1139/1561 (73) | ||
A | 0.74 (0.58–0.94) | 0.014 | |||
A + B | 0.70 (0.55–0.89) | 0.004 | |||
A + B + C | 0.71 (0.55–0.92) | 0.010 | |||
No spontaneous morning erection | 2152 | 530/602 (88) | 1272/1550 (82) | ||
A | 0.62 (0.47–0.83) | 0.001 | |||
A + B | 0.57 (0.43–0.77) | 0.0002 | |||
A + B + C | 0.58 (0.43–0.78) | 0.0004 | |||
No spontaneous morning erections and penile stiffness <50% of the time | 2172 | 461/609 (76) | 1085/1563 (69) | ||
A | 0.72 (0.57–0.91) | 0.005 | |||
A + B | 0.67 (0.53–0.85) | 0.001 | |||
A + B + C | 0.69 (0.54–0.88) | 0.003 | |||
Recurrent or residual disease A | 2157 | 83/633 (13) | 191/1524 (13) | 0.79 (0.59–1.07) | 0.13 |
RALP = robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy; RRP = open retropubic radical prostatectomy; CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio; IIEF = International Index of Erectile Function.
Adjustment A for urinary incontinence: age, preoperative continence, body mass index, history of inguinal hernia, prior abdominal surgery, diabetes, history of pulmonary disease, history of mental disorder, and pathology prostate weight; for erectile dysfunction: age, preoperative potency, diabetes, history of inguinal hernia, smoking status, relationship status, and history of cardiovascular disease; and for recurrent or residual disease: pathology Gleason grade, pathology T stage, preoperative prostate-specific antigen, and pathology prostate weight. Adjustment B: clinical T stage, preoperative prostate-specific antigen, biopsy Gleason grade, and length of cancer in biopsy cores. Adjustment C: degree of neurovascular bundle preservation.
IIEF questionnaire, question 3: “When you had erections with sexual stimulation, how often was your erection hard enough for penetration during the last 3 months?” with cutoff between response 2 and 3. The following responses were available: 0, no sexual activity; 1, almost never or never; 2, a few times (much less than half the time); 3, sometimes (about half the time); 4, most times (much more than half the time); and 5, almost always or always.
IIEF questionnaire modified version with five questions, six answer categories, 0–5 points per question; score <17 = erectile dysfunction; score <22 = some erectile function.