Figure 5.

Connectedness to neighbouring cities as a key factor to recovery. (a) Map of Ciales and Guanica, Puerto Rico. Light coloured areas show the area that can be reached from each city within 1 h of driving time. (b) Recovery patterns of both communities, showing the faster recovery of Ciales. (c) Comparison of factors for both cities. Factors other than connectedness to other large cities (e.g. San Juan) were similar between the two communities. (d–f) Similar phenomenon was seen after Tohoku Tsunami in Japan. Minamisanriku City and Ohtsuchi City shared similar characteristics except for the connectedness to large cities (e.g. Ishinomaki), resulting in differences in recovery patterns.