Table 4.
Comparison Between Survivors and Non-Survivors with Invasive Mold Infection
| Survivors (n=156) | Non-Survivors (n=37) | P value | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Characteristics | |||||
| Age, years, mean±SD | 68.0±6.0 | 67.5±8.5 | <0.001* | 1.10 (1.04–1.16)* | |
| Male:Female | 85:71 | 26:11 | 0.13 | ||
| BMI, kg/m2, mean±SD | 23.1±3.2 | 22.8±2.3 | 0.58 | ||
| Tobacco use, n (%) | 32 (20.5) | 14 (37.8) | 0.03* | 2.36 (1.09–5.09)* | |
| Charlson score, mean±SD | 3.3±1.6 | 5.1±1.9 | <0.001* | 1.68 (1.36–2.08)* | |
| Polypharmacy, n (%) | 7 (4.5) | 18 (48.6) | <0.001* | 20.17 (7.46–54.55)* | 6.11 (2.03–18.36)* |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 54 (34.6) | 16 (43.2) | 0.33 | ||
| Hematological or solid organ malignancy, n (%) | 8 (7.1) | 9 (24.3) | 0.002* | 3.64 (1.35–9.83)* | |
| DM, n (%) | 28 (17.9) | 13 (35.1) | 0.02* | 2.48 (1.13–5.45)* | |
| CKD, n (%) | 6 (3.8) | 9 (24.3) | <0.001* | 8.04 (2.65–24.36)* | 4.45(1.18–16.73)* |
| CTD, n (%) | 6 (3.8) | 4 (10.8) | 0.09 | ||
| CAD, n (%) | 16 (10.3) | 3 (8.1) | 0.69 | ||
| COPD, n (%) | 18 (11.5) | 11 (29.7) | 0.01* | 3.24 (1.37–7.66)* | |
| Solid organ transplantation, n (%) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (2.7) | 0.27 | ||
| Acute stroke, n (%) | 3 (1.9) | 1 (2.7) | 0.76 | ||
| Associated Factors | |||||
| Prolonged hospitalization, n (%) | 2 (1.3) | 3 (8.1) | 0.02* | 6.79 (1.09–42.24)* | |
| Recent operation, n (%) | 5 (3.2) | 11 (29.7) | <0.001* | 12.78 (4.10–39.80)* | |
| ICU admission, n (%) | 14 (9.0) | 34 (91.9) | <0.001* | 114.95 (31.27–422.59)* | |
| Broad-spectrum antibiotics, n (%) | 41 (26.3) | 32 (86.5) | <0.001* | 17.95 (6.55–49.17)* | 6.35 (1.96–20.60)* |
| CVC, n (%) | 11 (7.1) | 24 (64.9) | <0.001* | 24.34 (9.76–60.56)* | |
| Indwelling urinary catheter, n (%) | 15 (9.6) | 30 (81.1) | <0.001* | 40.29 (15.12–107.33)* | |
| TPN, n (%) | 3 (1.9) | 4 (10.8) | 0.01* | 6.18 (1.32–28.94)* | |
| Prolonged use of GC, n (%) | 4 (2.6) | 5 (13.5) | 0.01* | 5.94 (1.51–23.34)* | |
| Immunosuppressive therapy, n (%) | 6 (3.8) | 5 (13.5) | 0.02* | 3.91 (1.12–13.59)* | |
| Disseminated fungal infection, n (%) | 4 (2.6) | 1 (2.7) | 0.96 | ||
| Laboratory Data | |||||
| Neutropenia, n (%) | 4 (5.8) | 4 (10.8) | 0.02* | 4.61 (1.10–19.37)* | |
| Grade I, n (%) | 1 (0.6) | 2 (5.4) | |||
| Grade II, n (%) | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0) | |||
| Grade III, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.7) | |||
| Grade IV, n (%) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (2.7) | |||
| Lymphopenia, n (%) | 27 (17.3) | 22 (59.5) | <0.001* | 7.01 (3.22–15.23)* | 3.02 (1.15–7.93)* |
| Anemia, n (%) | 27 (17.3) | 18 (48.6) | <0.001* | 4.53 (2.10–9.74)* | |
| Mild, n (%) | 17 (10.9) | 6 (16.2) | |||
| Moderate, n (%) | 9 (5.8) | 12 (32.4) | |||
| Severe, n (%) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | |||
| Very severe, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
| Hypoalbuminemia, n (%) | 43 (27.6) | 24 (64.9) | <0.001* | 4.85 (2.27–10.38)* | |
| Initial adequate treatment, n (%) | 137 (87.8) | 24 (64.9) | 0.001* | 0.26 (0.11–0.59)* |
Note: *P<0.05.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CI, confidential interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CTD, connective tissue disease; CVC, central venous catheter; DM, diabetes mellitus; GC, glucocorticoid; ICU, intensive care unit; OR, odds ratio; SD, standard deviation; TPN, total parenteral nutrition.