Table 1. The welfare parameters of free-range hens at 64 weeks of age.

The least squares means ± standard error of the mean are presented for hens from different rearing treatments (control, novelty, structural) and ranging patterns (indoor, low outdoor, high outdoor).

Variable	Category	Live weight (kg)	Feather score (out of 24)	Number of comb wounds	Nail length (cm)
Rearing enrichments	Control	2.01 ± 0.02	21.31 ± 0.15b	0.91 ± 0.13a	1.54 ± 0.02
	Novelty	2.01 ± 0.02	22.83 ± 0.14a	0.48 ± 0.12b	1.58 ± 0.02
	Structural	2.02 ± 0.02	22.57 ± 0.14a	0.68 ± 0.13a,b	1.53 ± 0.02
	P –value	0.90	<0.0001	0.03	0.12
Ranging	Indoor	2.05 ± 0.02a	21.78 ± 0.15b	0.79 ± 0.13a	1.67 ± 0.02a
	Low outdoor	2.04 ± 0.02a	21.99 ± 0.14b	0.82 ± 0.12a,b	1.61 ± 0.02b
	High outdoor	1.95 ± 0.02b	22.94 ± 0.14a	0.47 ± 0.12b	1.37 ± 0.02c
	P –value	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.04	<0.0001

Notes.

^a,bDissimilar superscript letters indicate significant differences between rearing enrichments or ranging patterns (P < 0.05).

Raw values are presented with the analyses conducted on transformed data.