Fig. (2).

Regulators during hematopoietic differentiation of PSCs. Hematopoiesis is achieved through the interplay of transcription factors, signaling pathways, and lncRNAs. HOXB4 and HOXA9 promote self-renewal of HSCs through modulating cell cycle regulators. Medial HOXA genes have been shown to be expressed at higher levels in native HSCs compared to PSC-derived HSPCs. Combined upregulation of GATA2 and ETV2 confers pan-myeloid potential in hESC-derived HPCs. Whereas the upregulation of GATA2+TAL1 results in pan-erythroid/megakaryocytic potential. HOTAIRM1/2 upregulation also promotes myeloid differentiation potential by antagonizing HOXA genes. HOXA9 has been shown to be important for lymphoid differentiation.