Table 1. Major paraneoplastic antineuronal antibodies reactive with neuronal membrane antigens.

Antibody	Common neurological phenotypes	Common associated malignancies	Frequency of underlying malignancy	Response to treatment a
Anti-AMPAR	Limbic encephalitis	Breast Lung Thymus	Common	Good in many but not all patients
Anti-LGI1/Anti- CASPR2	Limbic encephalitis Faciobrachial dystonic seizures Morvan’s syndrome	Thymoma (especially in patients positive for both antibodies) Other neoplasms (rare)		Usually poor
Anti-GABAbR	Limbic encephalitis, status epilepticus	Small-cell lung cancer	Common	Poor
Anti-mGluR1	Cerebellar degeneration	Hodgkin’s disease	Common	Good
Anti-mGlur2	Cerebellar degeneration	Small-cell cancer; alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma	Common	Variable
Anti-mGluR5	Limbic encephalitis	Hodgkin’s disease	Common	Good
Anti-VGKC	Cerebellar degeneration (Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome)	Small-cell lung cancer	Common	Good in some patients

Modified from 13. ^aTreatment involves both immunosuppressive treatment directed against the autoimmune process and treatment of the underlying malignancy.