Table 5.

HRs and 95% CIs for 1-yr stroke by drugs/procedures among the incident HD population with AF, 2006–2013

Variable	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	HR	95% CI	aHR	95% CI	aHR	95% CI
Drugsa
Warfarin	0.70	0.65 to 0.76	0.72	0.66 to 0.77	0.82	0.71 to 0.94
Calcium channel blockers	0.91	0.83 to 1.00	0.89	0.81 to 0.99	0.87	0.77 to 0.99
β-blockers	0.62	0.58 to 0.67	0.61	0.57 to 0.66	0.78	0.71 to 0.88
Platelet aggregation inhibitors	0.92	0.84 to 1.01	0.92	0.83 to 1.00	0.96	0.85 to 1.06
Class III	0.69	0.63 to 0.76	0.69	0.63 to 0.75	0.75	0.69 to 0.83
Digoxin	0.93	0.83 to 1.03	0.92	0.83 to 1.03	0.96	0.87 to 1.07
NOACs	0.90	0.51 to 1.59	0.89	0.50 to 1.56	0.89	0.50 to 1.56
Procedures
Cardioversion	0.99	0.77 to 1.30	1.05	0.81 to 1.37	1.10	0.84 to 1.43
Catheter ablation	1.17	0.76 to 1.80	1.24	0.80 to 1.91	1.28	0.83 to 1.98
Surgical maze	0.79	0.30 to 2.11	0.85	0.32 to 2.26	0.90	0.34 to 2.39
Ambulatory event monitor	0.55	0.38 to 0.79	0.55	0.38 to 0.81	0.60	0.41 to 0.86
Defibrillator	0.56	0.43 to 0.73	0.60	0.46 to 0.79	0.61	0.47 to 0.80

Model 1: Crude, unadjusted. Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, dual eligibility, residential area, vintage, and median income. Model 3: Model 2+CHA₂DS₂-VASc+baseline and time-varying comorbidities (congestive heart failure, cancer, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, COPD, hypertension, current smoker status, atherosclerotic heart disease, diabetes, AIDS)+baseline and time-varying medications+baseline and time-varying procedures. aHR, adjusted hazard ratio. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

^aEmployed a competing-risks Cox model.