Table 1:
Criteria included in screening strategies for identification of sepsis by paramedics
| Strategy* | Presence/absence in strategy | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature | Heart rate | Systolic blood pressure | Respiratory rate | Oxygen saturation | Glasgow Coma Scale | Other criteria | |
| BAS 90–30–9053† | X | X | X | ||||
| Borrelli et al.29† | X | X | X | X | X | X | |
| CIP40,43† | X | X | X | X | X | Age | |
| HEWS47† | X | X | X | X | X | X | |
| MBIS55 | X | X | X | X | |||
| MEWS37,42† | X | X | X | X | X | ||
| NEWS45† | X | X | X | X | X | X | |
| PHANTASi24 | X | X | X | ||||
| PITSTOP56 | X | X | |||||
| PreSAT52† | X | X | X | X | |||
| PRESEP28† | X | X | X | X | X | ||
| PRESS41† | X | X | X | Age, dispatch card‡ | |||
| PSP26† | X | X | X | X | |||
| qSOFA27,30,33,36,38–40,44,46,51† | X | X | X | ||||
| qSOFA + end-tidal carbon dioxide35 | X | X | X | End-tidal carbon dioxide | |||
| Robson score37,53† | X | X | X | X | Blood glucose level | ||
| SEPSIS48† | X | X | X | X | X | X | Age, appearance of skin§ |
| Sepsis Alert32 | X | X | X | X | Mean arterial pressure | ||
| SIRS23,25,27,33,39,42,50,54† | X | X | X | ||||
| SIRS + end-tidal carbon dioxide34 | X | X | X | End-tidal carbon dioxide | |||
| Suffoletto et al.49 | X | X | |||||
Note: BAS = Blood Pressure Andningsfrekvens (meaning “respiratory rate” in Swedish) Saturation, CIP = Critical Illness Prediction score, HEWS = Hamilton Early Warning Score, MBIS = Mecklenburg Bacterial Infection Scale, MEWS = Modified Early Warning Score, NEWS = National Early Warning Score, PHANTASi = Prehospital Antibiotics Against Sepsis, PITSTOP = Paramedic Initiated Treatment of Sepsis Targeting Out-of-Hospital Patients clinical trial, PreSAT = Prehospital Sepsis Assessment Tool, PRESEP = Prehospital Early Sepsis Detection, PRESS = Prehospital Severe Sepsis, PSP = Prehospital Sepsis Project, qSOFA = Quick Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment, SEPSIS = Screening to Enhance Prehospital Identification of Sepsis, SIRS = Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome.
For more detailed information about the components of each strategy, see Appendix 1, Table A1-1 (available at www.cmaj.ca/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1503/cmaj.190966/-/DC1).
Strategies that produce a numeric score.
Dispatch category specified as “sick person.”
Mottled or ashen appearance or cyanosis of the skin, lips or tongue; nonblanching rash of the skin.