Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of study population
| Characteristics | Men | Women | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dutch (n = 633) | South-Asian Surinamese (n = 395) | African Surinamese (n = 298) | Turkish (n = 273) | Moroccan (n = 258) | Dutch (n = 789) | South-Asian Surinamese (n = 576) | African Surinamese (n = 646) | Turkish (n = 305) | Moroccan (n = 429) | |
| Age (years), median (lower quartile, upper quartile) | 52 (40, 60) | 49 (41, 58) | 53 (46, 59) | 45 (35, 51) | 43.5 (35, 53) | 49 (35, 59) | 49 (41, 56) | 51 (43, 57) | 42 (32, 49) | 39 (30, 49) |
| Educational levela, n (%) | ||||||||||
| Higher | 390 (61.6) | 117 (29.6) | 69 (23.2) | 60 (22.0) | 58 (22.5) | 492 (62.4) | 136 (23.6) | 205 (31.7) | 65 (21.3) | 81 (18.9) |
| Intermediate | 141 (22.3) | 111 (28.1) | 91 (30.5) | 77 (28.2) | 84 (32.6) | 162 (20.5) | 164 (28.5) | 234 (36.2) | 94 (30.8) | 145 (33.8) |
| Lower | 88 (13.9) | 120 (30.4) | 124 (41.6) | 84 (30.8) | 59 (22.9) | 119 (15.1) | 199 (34.6) | 186 (28.8) | 56 (18.4) | 76 (17.7) |
| Elementary | 14 (2.2) | 47 (11.9) | 14 (4.7) | 52 (19.1) | 58 (22.5) | 16 (2.0) | 77 (13.4) | 21 (3.3) | 90 (29.5) | 127 (29.6) |
| Occupational statusb, n (%) | ||||||||||
| Higher | 370 (58.5) | 100 (25.3) | 65 (21.8) | 44 (16.2) | 44 (17.1) | 439 (55.6) | 116 (20.1) | 161 (24.9) | 50 (16.4) | 71 (16.6) |
| Intermediate | 150 (23.7) | 104 (26.3) | 73 (24.5) | 49 (18.0) | 64 (24.8) | 190 (24.1) | 177 (30.7) | 251 (38.9) | 65 (21.3) | 93 (21.7) |
| Lower | 88 (13.9) | 166 (42.0) | 140 (47.0) | 164 (60.1) | 138 (53.5) | 119 (15.1) | 238 (41.3) | 198 (30.7) | 126 (41.3) | 148 (34.5) |
| Unknown/not in workforce | 25 (4.0) | 25 (6.3) | 20 (6.7) | 16 (5.9) | 12 (4.7) | 41 (5.2) | 45 (7.8) | 36 (5.6) | 64 (21.0) | 117 (27.3) |
| Presence of financial difficulties, n (%) | ||||||||||
| No | 327 (51.7) | 152 (38.5) | 74 (24.8) | 44 (16.1) | 54 (20.9) | 332 (42.1) | 132 (22.9) | 137 (21.2) | 51 (16.7) | 87 (20.3) |
| No, but watch spending | 221 (34.9) | 140 (35.4) | 111 (37.3) | 73 (26.7) | 85 (33.0) | 326 (41.3) | 215 (37.3) | 240 (37.2) | 88 (28.9) | 159 (37.1) |
| Yes | 85 (13.4) | 103 (26.1) | 113 (37.9) | 156 (57.1) | 119 (46.1) | 131 (16.6) | 229 (39.8) | 269 (41.6) | 166 (54.4) | 183 (42.7) |
| Marital status, n (% married/cohabiting) | 429 (67.8) | 228 (57.7) | 147 (49.3) | 203 (74.4) | 196 (76.0) | 427 (54.1) | 239 (41.5) | 168 (26.0) | 188 (61.6) | 258 (60.1) |
| Number of people in the household, median (lower quartile, upper quartile) | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 4) | 2 (1, 3) | 3 (2, 4) | 4 (2, 5) | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 4) | 2 (1, 3) | 3 (2, 4) | 4 (2, 5) |
| Current smoking status, n (% yes) | 149 (23.5) | 135 (34.2) | 101 (33.9) | 81 (29.7) | 48 (18.6) | 174 (22.1) | 95 (16.5) | 117 (18.1) | 82 (26.9) | 20 (4.7) |
| Physical activity norm metc, n (% yes) | 459 (72.5) | 216 (54.7) | 196 (65.8) | 141 (51.7) | 150 (58.1) | 601 (76.2) | 291 (50.5) | 362 (56.0) | 121 (39.7) | 167 (38.9) |
| Energy intake (kcal), median (lower quartile, upper quartile) | 2375 (2004, 2887) | 2130 (1752, 2606) | 2372 (1833, 2911) | 2329 (1837, 2934) | 2394 (1755, 3018) | 1960 (1629, 2298) | 1743 (1362, 2150) | 1816 (1391, 2313) | 1871 (1474, 2441) | 1814 (1399, 2279) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), median (lower quartile, upper quartile) | 24.8 (22.7, 27.4) | 25.3 (23.1, 27.6) | 26.3 (23.8, 28.8) | 27.9 (25.2, 30.4) | 26.8 (24.6, 29.4) | 23.5 (21.5, 26.2) | 26.5 (23.2, 29.8) | 28.2 (24.9, 32.2) | 27.2 (24.1, 32.0) | 27.5 (23.8, 31.8) |
| Presence of chronic diseased, n (% yes) | 96 (15.2) | 140 (35.4) | 54 (18.1) | 72 (26.4) | 86 (33.3) | 92 (11.7) | 192 (33.3) | 181 (28.0) | 95 (31.2) | 111 (25.9) |
aHigher = higher vocational schooling or university, Intermediate = intermediate vocational schooling or intermediate/higher secondary schooling, Lower = lower vocational schooling or lower secondary schooling, Elementary = never been to school or elementary schooling
bHigher = higher-grade professional occupations, Intermediate = lower-grade professional and routine non-manual occupations, Lower = skilled and unskilled manual occupations, and unemployed (seeking work or receiving social benefits), Unknown/not in workforce = unknown occupational level (employed but no occupation level available) and not in workforce (retired, student, homemaker or incapacitated to work)
cMet the Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-Enhancing Physical Activity (SQASH) international norm for physical activity (≥30 min of moderate- and high-intensity activity per day on at least 5 days per week)
dPresence of one or more chronic disease (diabetes, cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction or cancer)