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. 2020 Mar 3;14:66. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00066

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Experimental timeline. The study starts with the neuro-navigation step (NEURO_NAV), which places the participant and devices in the same coordinate system—Figure 2. The transcranial magnetic stimulation step (TMS) identifies a place in the visual cortex amenable to external stimulation, at least by TMS—Figure 3. We then move to transcranial diagnostic ultrasound (DU) after a time of transition. After gelling the participant’s hair (Figure 4) and setting up the DU system in the neuro-navigation setup (Figure 5) we perform a baseline DU step to allow the participant to define for themselves what they see without any DU stimulation. Following this is 20 trials of sham or actual DU exposure, each with the following format: 2 s of increasing pink noise (PN), followed by 15 s of sham or actual DU plus constant pink noise (DU + PN), followed by 2 s of descending pink noise. Participants then have 45 s to draw what they observed and 30 s to answer a survey question, regardless of whether or not they observed a percept.