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. 2020 Mar 3;8:159. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00159

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Copyright © 2020 Schmid, Burkhart, Allaire, Grindle, Bassani, Galbusera and Anderson.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Spinal compressive forces at the curve apex as well as two levels above and below in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) when carrying a backpack with a weight corresponding to 20% of body weight in the regular way (top left), in front of the body (top right) as well as over the shoulder on the concave (bottom left), and convex sides (bottom right) of the scoliotic curve. Forces are expressed as percentages of unloaded upright standing and presented in form of violin plots with superimposed boxplots and individual values.