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. 2020 Mar 3;11:24. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00024

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Corneal epithelial cells are “insulin insensitive” and do not require insulin for glucose uptake. (A) Glucose content (micromoles per gram ± SEM) of corneal epithelial cells after incubation with 35 mM glucose in TC-199 with and without insulin. (B) Corneal epithelial cell sorbitol (micromoles per gram ± SEM) content after incubation with 35 mM glucose in TC-199 with and without insulin. A&B adapted from Friend et al. (39). (C) Radioimmunoassay (RIA) measurement of mean insulin levels present in tears of fasted vs. fed human subjects, P < 0.05. Adapted from Rocha et al. (16). *P < 0.05. (D) Insulin levels in tears measured by RIA over time after systemic administration of glucose (1 g/kg body wt) in rats. Adapted from Cunha et al. (40).