Table 2.

Small molecules.

Chemical component	Mechanism	Reprogrammed cells	References
616452, RepSox	Inhibitor of TGF-βRI	iPSCs	24,25
		Neuronal cells	36
		Cardiomyocytes	54
5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine	DNA methyltransferase activity inhibitor	β-cells	90
A83-01	TGF-β RI kinase inhibitor IV	Neural stem cells	32
		Cardiomyocytes	59
		Hepatic progenitors	70,76,79,80
AM580	RARα agonist	iPSCs	25
AS8351	histone demethylase (HDM) inhibitor	Cardiomyocytes	59
Bexarotene	RAR agonist	Adipocytes	87
bFGF	Basic fibroblast growth factor	Neural stem cells	32
BIX01294	Histone methyltransferase inhibitor	Cardiomyocytes	59
Ch55	RAR agonist	iPSCs	25
CHIR99021	GSK-3 inhibitor	iPSCs	24,25
		Neural stem cells	28,32
		Neuronal cells	36,37
		Cardiomyocytes	54,59
		Hepatic progenitors	70,76,79
DAPT	γ-secretase inhibitor	Neuronal cells	37
Dorsomorphin	BMP inhibitor	Neuronal cells	36
DZNep	Histone Methyltransferase EZH2 Inhibitor	iPSCs	25
EGF	Epidermal growth factor	Hepatic progenitors	70,76,79,80
EPZ004807	DOT1L inhibitor	iPSCs	25
FGF10	Fibroblast growth factor 10	Hepatic progenitors	80
Forskolin	Adenylyl cyclase activator	iPSCs	25
		Neural stem cells	28
		Neuronal cells	36
		Cardiomyocytes	54
Go 6983	PKC inhibitor	Neuronal cells	36
HGF	Hepatocyte growth factor	Hepatic progenitors	76,79,80
Hh-Ag 1.5	Hh Signaling Pathway Agonist	Neural stem cells	32
human gastrin I	CCK2 receptor agonist	Hepatic progenitors	80
Insulin	Endogenous peptide agonist	Cardiomyocytes	54
JNJ-10198409	PDGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor IV	Cardiomyocytes	59
LDN193189	ALK2 and ALK3 inhibitor	Neural stem cells	28,32
		Neuronal cells	37
LIF	Leukemia Inhibitory Factor	Cardiomyocytes	54
LPA	A ligand activator for EDG-2, EDG-4, and EDG-7	Hepatic progenitors	79
Nicotinamide	PARP-1 inhibitor	β-cells	90
OAC2	Oct4 activator	Cardiomyocytes	59
Parnate, Tranylcypromine	Monoamine oxidase inhibitor, LSD1 inhibitor	iPSCs	24,25
		Neural stem cells	32
		Cardiomyocytes	54
PD0325901	Potent inhibitor of MEK1/2	Neural stem cells	28
		Cardiomyocytes	54
Pifithrin-α	p53 inhibitor	Neural stem cells	28
Purmorphamine	Smo receptor agonist	Neuronal cells	37
Retinoic acid	Endogenous retinoic acid receptor agonist	Neural stem cells	32
		β-cells	90
RG108	Non-nucleoside DNA methyltransferase inhibitor	Neural stem cells	32
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate	A ligand for EDG-1 and EDG-3 and activator of GPR3, GPR6, and GPR12	Hepatic progenitors	79
SAG	Hedgehog signaling activator	Neuronal cells	37
SB-431542	Inhibitor of TGF-βRI, ALK4 and ALK7	Neural stem cells	28
		Neuronal cells	37
SC1	Dual inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and Ras GTPase	Cardiomyocytes	59
SMER28	Positive regulator of autophagy	Neural stem cells	32
SP600125	JNK inhibitor	Neuronal cells	36
SU16F	PDGFRβ inhibitor	Cardiomyocytes	59
Trichostatin A	Histone deacetylase inhibitor	β-cells	90
TTNPB	RAR agonist	Neuronal cells	37
		Cardiomyocytes	54
Thiazovivin	ROCK inhibitor	Neuronal cells	37
Valproic acid	Histone deacetylase inhibitor	iPSCs	24,25
		Neuronal cells	36,37
		Cardiomyocytes	54
Wnt3a	Wnt family	Hepatic progenitors	80
Y-27632	ROCK inhibitor	Neuronal cells	36
		Cardiomyocytes	59
		Hepatic progenitors	70,79,80