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. 2020 Mar 9;10:4291. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61042-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Distribution of onion yellows (OY) phytoplasmas in leafhopper vector Macrosteles striifrons by three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology. (A) Macrosteles striifrons vector. (B–F) 3D visualization of OY phytoplasmas (blue signals) in its vector, collected at 14 (B), 20 (C), 27 (D), 34 (E), and 41 (F) days after acquisition start (daas) on diseased plants, based on immunohistochemical staining using anti-Amp primary antibody and alkaline-phosphatase-conjugated secondary antibody. The alimentary canal, salivary glands, and brain of the insect are outlined in panel B. ac, alimentary canal; sg, salivary gland; br, brain. Bar, 1 mm.