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. 2020 Mar 9;10:4291. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61042-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Distribution of OY phytoplasmas in salivary glands of M. striifrons. (A) Diagrammatic outline of the principal salivary gland of M. striifrons. (B–F) Whole-mount immunofluorescence staining of salivary glands using Amp-Alexa Fluor 488 (green) and the actin dye phalloidin-Alexa Fluor 546 (red). (B) Salivary glands of a non-infected leafhopper (a) and an OY-infected leafhopper that was consistently maintained on a diseased plant for more than 1 month (b). (C–F) Salivary glands of OY-infected leafhoppers at 14 (C), 21 (D), and 28 (E,F) daas. Images in panels C–F are magnified images of boxed areas in image a in the same panel. Image b in each of the panels (C–E) was obtained as described in Fig. 3. All images are representative of more than three experiments. I–VI refers to type I–VI cells; bpl, basal plasmalemma; sc, salivary cytoplasm; apl, apical plasmalemma; cv, cavity. Bar, 75 µm (image a in B), 50 µm (image b in B, image a in F), 25 µm (image a in C–E), 10 µm (image b in C–F).