Table 4.
Respiratory outcomes stratified by demographic data and environmental exposures.
| Categories | No. of subjects | Dry night cough (%) | Croup (%) | Pneumonia (%) | Frequent common cold (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | |||||
| Age | |||||
| 3 years | 6911 | 19.9 | 5.0 | 30.5 | 12.1 |
| 4 years | 13523 | 18.3 | 6.2 | 33.3 | 11.0 |
| 5 years | 11723 | 16.3 | 6.5 | 33.5 | 8.5 |
| 6 years | 6273 | 14.4 | 5.9 | 33.5 | 6.7 |
| 7 years | 1612 | 14.4 | 6.4 | 26.4 | 5.9 |
| 8 years | 1134 | 12.9 | 5.8 | 20.9 | 4.9 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 21375 | 17.0 | 7.0 | 33.8 | 9.7 |
| Female | 19801 | 17.2 | 5.0 | 30.7 | 9.2 |
| Breastfeeding duration | |||||
| >6 months | 20939 | 15.7 | 5.5 | 29.6 | 9.3 |
| ≤6 months | 19349 | 18.8 | 6.6 | 35.3 | 9.7 |
| Family allergic history | |||||
| Yes | 7960 | 26.1 | 11.3 | 42.2 | 13.3 |
| No | 30420 | 15.1 | 4.8 | 30.4 | 8.7 |
| Birthweight | |||||
| <2500 g | 1054 | 17.2 | 7.8 | 38.4 | 10.8 |
| ≥2500 g | 39083 | 17.1 | 6.0 | 32.2 | 9.4 |
| Environmental factors | |||||
| Region of the current residence | |||||
| Urban | 30400 | 17.4 | 6.1 | 33.6 | 9.1 |
| Suburban/rural | 9828 | 16.3 | 5.8 | 29.1 | 10.6 |
| Home dampness exposure | |||||
| Yes | 12725 | 18.8 | 7.0 | 34.6 | 10.0 |
| No | 9992 | 12.5 | 4.4 | 29.7 | 7.5 |
| Cooking fuel type | |||||
| Solid fuel/natural gas | 28712 | 17.8 | 6.2 | 33.3 | 9.3 |
| Electricity | 10058 | 15.9 | 6.0 | 29.4 | 9.9 |
| Redecoration or new furniture | |||||
| Yes | 24754 | 18.8 | 6.5 | 33.7 | 10.0 |
| No | 8949 | 15.1 | 5.7 | 31.9 | 9.2 |
| Cockroaches noted | |||||
| Yes | 20722 | 18.5 | 7.1 | 33.4 | 10.3 |
| No | 14919 | 15.1 | 5.1 | 31.8 | 8.2 |
| Cleaning child’s bedroom daily | |||||
| Yes | 21990 | 16.2 | 5.7 | 31.6 | 8.6 |
| No | 18091 | 18.1 | 6.5 | 33.6 | 10.3 |
| Putting bedding to the sunshine frequently | |||||
| Yes | 25654 | 16.7 | 5.7 | 31.1 | 8.4 |
| No | 14806 | 17.9 | 6.6 | 34.5 | 11.0 |
| Smoke exposure | |||||
| Parental smoking during pregnancy | |||||
| Yes | 16436 | 17.9 | 6.6 | 33.5 | 9.8 |
| No | 22267 | 17.5 | 5.8 | 31.7 | 9.6 |
| Parental smoking during infancy | |||||
| Yes | 17807 | 17.5 | 6.5 | 33.3 | 9.6 |
| No | 21477 | 17.5 | 5.8 | 31.7 | 9.6 |
| Parental smoking during childhood | |||||
| Yes | 18873 | 17.1 | 6.4 | 33.1 | 9.6 |
| No | 22357 | 17.2 | 5.7 | 31.7 | 9.2 |
| Tobacco odor indoors during infancy | |||||
| Frequently | 1260 | 27.4 | 11.3 | 39.4 | 13.8 |
| Sometimes | 7327 | 19.3 | 7.6 | 33.8 | 10.5 |
| Never | 25287 | 15.6 | 5.5 | 32.2 | 8.7 |
| Tobacco odor indoors during childhood | |||||
| Frequently | 2154 | 24.1 | 9.3 | 37.9 | 13.1 |
| Sometimes | 9871 | 18.9 | 7.0 | 33.3 | 9.9 |
| Never | 22028 | 15.2 | 5.4 | 32.1 | 8.6 |
Sample sizes are not 41,176 due to missing data.