Table 4. Comparison of variables in patients with and without ≥ 1 grade improvement at 1-year from ≥ moderate PVL at 30-day follow-up.
| N (%) | Improvement (n = 9) | No improvement (n = 12) | p value |
| Age | 78.7 ± 9.4 | 81.5 ± 6.8 | 0.44 |
| Male | 8 (88.9%) | 11 (91.7%) | 0.83 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.2 ± 2.2 | 21.2 ± 2.8 | 0.09 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3 (33.3%) | 3 (25.0%) | 0.68 |
| Hypertension | 4 (44.4%) | 5 (41.2%) | 0.89 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 3 (33.3%) | 4 (33.3%) | 1.00 |
| Coronary artery disease | 4 (44.4%) | 6 (50.0%) | 0.80 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3 (33.3%) | 2 (16.7%) | 0.59 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 4 (44.4%) | 6 (50.0%) | 0.80 |
| LVEF (%) | 62.4 ± 14.5 | 66.7 ± 14.4 | 0.51 |
| Ao max PG (mmHg) | 83.3 ± 21.2 | 77.7 ± 28.7 | 0.63 |
| Ao mean PG (mmHg) | 46.4 ± 12.1 | 43.3 ± 15.9 | 0.63 |
| Aortic valve area (cm2) | 0.69 ± 0.23 | 0.69 ± 0.28 | 0.98 |
| Bicuspid aortic valve | 1 (11.1%) | 2 (16.7%) | 0.72 |
| Calcium score of the aortic valve | 3068 ± 1816 | 6418 ± 3222 | 0.01 |
| Annulus perimeter (mm) | 80.6 ± 3.3 | 75.5 ± 7.3 | 0.10 |
| Covering index (%) | 13.1 ± 4.8 | 17.0 ± 6.2 | 0.15 |
| Eccentricity index | 0.23 ± 0.05 | 0.26 ± 0.08 | 0.44 |
| Annulus angle | 44.9 ± 12.2 | 46.3 ± 9.8 | 0.81 |
| Valve size | 0.77 | ||
| 26 mm | 1 (11.1%) | 3 (25.0%) | |
| 29 mm | 8 (88.9%) | 8 (66.7%) | |
| 31 mm | 0 (0%) | 1 (8.3%) | |
| Pre-dilatation | 7 (77.8%) | 9 (75.0%) | 1.00 |
| Post-dilatation | 5 (55.6%) | 6 (50.0%) | 1.00 |
| Implantation position | 1.00 | ||
| Optimal | 5 (55.5%) | 6 (50.0%) | |
| High implantation | 1 (11.1%) | 3 (25.0%) | |
| Low implantation | 3 (33.4%) | 3 (25.0%) | |
| Second valve implantation | 1 (11.1%) | 9 (0%) | 1.00 |
| AR index | 0.22 ± 0.08 | 0.23 ± 0.08 | 0.85 |
Mean ± SD are shown.
Ao max PG, aortic valve maximal pressure gradient; Ao mean PG, aortic valve mean pressure gradient; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.
AR index, aortic regurgitation index, calculated as ratio of the diastolic pressure gradient between aorta and left ventricle to the systolic pressure at aorta. Abbreviations are in Table 1.