Table 2. Olfactory test scores and functional classes of patients with ischemic heart failure.

	NYHA Class 1 (n = 14)	NYHA Class 2 (n = 13)	NYHA Class 3 (n = 13)	Overall p value
OT score	4.6 ± 1.2*	3.1 ± 1.3	2.0 ± 1.8†	< 0.001
OD score	10.0 ± 1.8*	6.9 ± 2.5	4.7 ± 1.8†	< 0.001
OI score	8.7 ± 1.9*	6.4 ± 2.3#	1.9 ± 3.0†	< 0.001
TDI score	23.4 ± 0.9*	16.5 ± 5.1#	8.8 ± 7.0†	< 0.001

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

HF, heart failure; NYHA, New York Heart Association; OD, odour discrimination; OI, odour identification; OT, odour threshold; TDI, threshold-discrimination-identification.

* p < 0.05 between NYHA class 1 and NYHA class 2 HF patients. ^# p < 0.05 between NYHA class 2 and NYHA class 3 HF patients. ^† p < 0.05 between NYHA class 1 and NYHA class 3 HF patients.