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. 2020 Mar 9;10:4362. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60947-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Implanted islet-seeded biomaterial into diabetic mice reduces glucose levels. Islet-seeded biomaterial or respective controls were injected intraperitoneal into both STZ-induced and NOD diabetic mice. STZ-induced diabetic mice were treated with biomaterial-only (n = 7), islets-only (n = 6) or islet-seeded biomaterial (n = 8). Days −25 through 0 designate pre-treatment period to identify baseline glucose levels. STZ was injected day −7 through day −3 (for a total of 5 days) to induce diabetes. (A) STZ-induced diabetic mice assessment of blood glucose levels recorded over the treatment time period. Dashed horizontal line represents 16.7 nmol/L marker for diabetes determination. (B) Glucose tolerance test (GTT) performed in STZ-induced diabetic mice on day 20 post-implantation treatment with islets-only, biomaterial-only or islet-seeded biomaterial. (C) Total blood insulin levels were measured 120 min after GTT performed in STZ-induced diabetic mice 20 days post-implantation treatment. (D) NOD diabetic groups were treated with biomaterial-only (n = 6), islet-only (n = 6) or islet-seeded biomaterial (n = 8). Blood glucose levels recorded over 30 days post-implantation. (E) GTT performed in NOD treated mice on day 20 post-implantation. (F) Total blood insulin levels measured after GTT performed in NOD treated groups on day 20 post-implantation. Paired student t test was utilized for statistical analysis. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant; * is p < 0.05, ** is p <0.01 and ns = not significant. Error bars for all figures indicate standard errors of the mean (SEM).