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. 2020 Mar 9;11:1284. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14923-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Longitudinal PBMC samples from 39 preterm babies were activated in vitro with PI (4 h, in the presence of BFA) and expression of CXCL8, TNF and IL-2 assessed by flow cytometry. Scatter plots showing frequencies of a TNF, b IL-2 and c CXCL8 in stable babies (left panel; grey circles, n = 10), unstable babies (middle panel; blue circles, n = 16) and BCM babies (right panel; red circles, n = 13) as a function of postnatal age. In a–c, data shown are a pool of longitudinal samples from each clinical group where each circle represents a longitudinal sample from an individual baby and on average there are six samples per baby in the stable cohort and nine samples per baby in the unstable cohort and the BCM cohort. Blood culture-positive bacteraemias were separated into those from coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and other bacteria as CoNS infections are generally considered to be less severe with lower mortality rates. Scatter plots showing the frequencies of d CXCL8, e TNF and f IL-2 in stable babies (far left panel; grey circles, n = 10 babies with a mean of eight longitudinal samples per baby), babies with microbiologically confirmed infections (second panel; n = 4 with a mean of 11 longitudinal samples per baby), babies with coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections (CoNS) (third panel, n = 9 with a mean of 10 longitudinal samples per baby) and babies with suspected infections (far right panel; n = 16 with mean of seven longitudinal samples per baby). The colour of the circles depicts the type of infection as described in the figure. In d–f, each circle represents a longitudinal sample from an individual baby and linked circles represent longitudinal samples from the same baby. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01 and *p < 0.05 as determined by linear mixed-effect modelling using the lmer package in R. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.