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. 2020 Mar 9;10:4392. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60709-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Rat models of regenerative liver surgery, volumetry and proliferation of rat livers after 72 h. (A) Rat liver anatomy with the right lobe (RL), the right and left middle lobe (RML, LML), the left lateral lobe (LLL), and the caudate lobe (CL). (B) Rat model of portal vein ligation (PVL): ligation of RL, LLL + LML, and CL. The dark liver area denotes the deportalized part of the rat liver with only arterial blood supply, the light browns one the liver with portal and arterial bi-perfusion. (C) Rat model of Associating Liver Partition and Portal vein ligation for Staged hepatectomy (ALPPS): transection of the ML along the ischemic line between RML and LML in addition to PVL. (D) Rat model of PVL+DMOG: i.p. administration of 200 µg/g body weight of dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) 12 h before PVL. (E) Rat model of DMOG application to liver: Repetitive (3x, up to 48 h) intraperitoneal (i.p.) application of DMOG without any rerouting of portal vein blood. (F) Growth assessment by volumetry using a small animal CT scanner after giving i.v. contrast to the animal directly after intervention and after 72 h to assess regeneration of the right middle lobe. Volume change is expressed as volume difference after 72 h in cubic centimeters after PVL, ALPPS, PVL+DMOG, DMOG alone and and normal liver control after intraperitoneal phosphate-buffered saline (control) application. (G) Proliferation assessment by histology. Ki-67 staining of the RML 72 h after PVL, ALPPS, PVL+DMOG, DMOG alone and normal liver control after intraperitoneal phosphate-buffered saline (control) application. n = 5 animals for controls and DMOG alone, n = 4 for ALPPS, PVL and PVL+DMOG. ***p < 0.001.