Fig. 4.

P. freudenreichii adaptation modulates P. freudenreichii viability during freeze-drying and spray-drying. P. freudenreichii CIRM-BIA 129 was cultivated until the beginning of the stationary phase in YEL medium, in the presence or absence of NaCl and of lactose. P. freudenreichii were harvested, and then suspended in a maltodextrin solution (20%). The suspension was freeze-dried (A) and spray-dried (B), as described in the “Materials and methods” section. Results are expressed as a percentage of survival. Error bars represent the standard deviation for triplicate experiments. Significant differences are reported with different letters above the columns (p > 0.05). YEL: yeast extract lactate. L: lactose