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. 2020 Mar 9;10:4284. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-57030-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Comparison of bone marrow fat estimated by the procedure using standard T1-weighted magnetic resonance images and the procedure using fat and water images generated from the IDEAL technique. (A) The scatter plot shows strong agreement between bone marrow fat volume estimated from the standard T1-weighted images (BMFV_T1) and bone marrow fat volume estimated using fat and water images from the IDEAL technique (BMFV_IDEAL). (B) The Bland-Altman plot shows the level of agreement between BMFV_T1 and BMFV_IDEAL. (C) The scatter plot shows moderate agreement between bone marrow fat fraction estimated from the standard T1-weighted magnetic images (BMFF_T1) and bone marrow fat volume estimated using fat and water images (BMFF_IDEAL). (D) The Bland-Altman plot shows the level of agreement between BMFF_T1 and BMFF_IDEAL. The dotted lines in panels A and C represent the lines of identity. The dotted lines in panels B and D indicate the mean difference ± 2 SD between estimates from the standard T1-weighted and the fat and water images. The solid lines indicate no difference for estimation between the two methods.