Table 1.

Pooled Estimates for the Association of Firefighting with Different Cancers

Cancer Site	Risk Estimate (95% CI) [number of studies]
	Incidence	Mortality	Incidence and Mortality
Cancer sites with statistically significant findings and generally consistent point estimates
Brain and CNS
Good Studies only	0.87 (0.55 – 1.37) [4]	1.31 (0.85 – 2.01) [9]	1.19 (0.84 – 11.68) [11]
Good and Adequate	1.27 (0.89 – 1.80) [7]	1.24 (0.86 – 1.77) [11]	1.25 (0.99 – 1.59) [16]
All Studies	1.27 (0.89 – 1.80) [7]	1.26 (1.02 – 1.55)* [18]	1.26 (1.06 – 1.50)* [24]
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Good Studies only	1.11 (0.73 – 1.68) [3]	1.25 (0.73 – 2.61) [2]	1.20 (0.90 – 1.61) [5]
Good and Adequate	1.07 (0.91 – 1.24) [5]	1.40 (0.99 – 1.96) [3]	1.12 (0.97 – 1.28) [8]
All Studies	1.36 (0.85 – 2.18) [6]	1.44 (1.27 – 1.63) ** [7]	1.37 (1.14 – 1.64) ** [13]
Skin Melanoma
Good Studies only	1.20 (0.86 – 1.68) [4]	0.69 (0.22 – 2.18) [2]	1.15 (0.83 – 1.59) [5]
Good and Adequate	1.10 (0.77 – 1.58) [6]	1.40 (0.46 – 4.30) [3]	1.22 (0.87 – 1.71) [8]
All Studies	1.10 (0.77 – 1.58) [6]	1.62 (1.26 – 2.10) ** [6]	1.34 (1.09 – 1.65)* [11]
Colorectal
Good Studies only	1.04 (0.91 – 1.89) [13]	1.21 (1.07 – 1.36)* [25]	1.14 (1.03 – 1.25)* [14]
Good and Adequate	1.05 (0.93 – 1.19) [17]	1.21 (1.08 – 1.35)* [27]	1.13 (1.04 – 1.24)* [18]
All Studies	1.08 (0.95 – 1.22) [18]	1.16 (1.07 – 1.25)** [42]	1.13 (1.06 – 1.21)* [28]
Colon
Good Studies only	1.10 (0.91 – 2.48) [4]	1.14 (0.93 – 1.39) [9]	1.11 (0.94 – 1.30) [10]
Good and Adequate	1.22 (1.05 – 1.42)* [6]	1.14 (0.93 – 1.39) [9]	1.18 (1.04 – 1.34)* [13]
All Studies	1.26 (1.10 – 1.44)**[7]	1.10 (0.99 – 1.26) [16]	1.15 (1.05 – 1.26)* [21]
Rectal
Good Studies only	1.06 (0.80 – 1.42) [4]	1.34 (1.05 – 1.72)* [8]	1.22 (1.01 – 1.47)* [10]
Good and Adequate	0.99 (0.78 – 1.24) [5]	1.34 (1.08 – 1.67)* [9]	1.16 (0.99 – 1.36) [12]
All Studies	0.99 (0.78 – 1.24) [5]	1.25 (1.09 – 1.44) ** [16]	1.18 (1.04 – 1.34)* [19]
Bladder
Good Studies only	1.18 (0.97 – 1.43) [6]	1.39 (0.91 – 2.11) [9]	1.24 (0.98 – 1.57) [14]
Good and Adequate	1.06 (0.88 – 1.27) [9]	1.38 (0.98 – 1.95) [11]	1.20 (0.98 – 1.45) [19]
All Studies	1.06 (0.88 – 1.27) [9]	1.28 (1.05 – 1.56)* [17]	1.18 (1.01 – 1.36)* [25]
Prostate
Good Studies only	1.14 (0.90 – 1.45) [7]	1.20 (0.76 – 1.90) [9]	1.17 (0.90 – 1.53) [15]
Good and Adequate	1.15 (1.01 – 1.32)* [9]	1.20 (0.76 – 1.90) [9]	1.19 (0.98 – 1.44) [17]
All Studies	1.21 (1.04 – 1.42)* [11]	1.27 (1.01 – 1.61)* [16]	1.26 (1.10 – 1.45)** [26]
Testicular
Good Studies only	1.58 (1.23 – 2.03) ** [3]	2.52 (0.67 – 9.49) [1]	1.61 (1.26 – 2.06) ** [4]
Good and Adequate	1.73 (1.31 – 2.27) ** [7]	2.52 (0.67 – 9.49) [1]	1.73 (1.35 – 2.23) ** [8]
All Studies	1.73 (1.31 – 2.27) ** [7]	1.63 (0.60 – 4.40) [3]	1.68 (1.35 – 2.08) ** [10]

Risk estimates and confidence intervals in all tables were derived using STATA; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.001