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. 2020 Mar 3;11:170. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00170

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Copyright © 2020 MacDonald, Rose and Quinn.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M₂-R) signaling cascade in a sinoatrial node myocyte. AC, adenylyl cyclase; ACh, acetylcholine; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; I_CaL, long-lasting (L-type) Ca²⁺ current; I_f, “funny” current; I_KACh, acetylcholine-activated K⁺ current; I_Kr/s, rapid/slow delayed rectifier K⁺ current; I_Na/K, Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase current; I_NCX, Na⁺-Ca²⁺ exchanger current; P, phosphorylation; PKA, phosphokinase A; PLB, phospholamban; RyR, ryanodine receptor, SERCA, sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase; SR, sarcoplasmic reticulum.