Table 3.

Thermal and mechanical characteristics of final bio-composites and PHBV. The sample code indicates the type of polymer (PHBV), the percentage and type of used residues according to the extraction (SE or PLE). T_onset, temperature of initial decomposition; T_D, temperature of the maximum degradation rate; M_n, number average molecular weight; M_w, weight average molecular weight; PD, polydispersity; T_m, melting temperature; ΔH_m, melting enthalpy; T_c, crystallization temperature; ΔH_c, crystallization enthalpy; E, elastic modulus; σ, tensile strength; ε, elongation at break.

Sample	Tonset (°C)a	TD (°C)a	Mn · 10-3b	Mw · 10-3b	PDb	Tm (°C)c	ΔHm (J/g)c	Tc (°C)d	ΔHc (J/g)d	Tm (°C)e	ΔHm (J/g)e	E (MPa)f	σ (MPa)f	ε (%)f
PHBV	288	302	62.8	129	2.05	172	78	114	73	168	82	1728 ± 50	33.2 ± 1.0	3.1 ± 0.1
PHBV-5SE	277	286	55.5	115	2.08	170	72	112	68	168	77	1640 ± 58	30.1 ± 1.5	3.1 ± 0.2
PHBV-10SE	267	277	57.0	117	2.05	169	74	110	65	168	74	1564 ± 50	27.0 ± 0.6	3.1 ± 0.2
PHBV-20SE	268	276	54.4	112	2.06	170	64	108	57	168	66	1631 ± 84	23.8 ± 1.6	2.5 ± 0.1
PHBV-5PLE	289	302	59.2	121	2.04	171	77	112	71	169	82	1491 ± 38	28.8 ± 1.1	3.5 ± 0.2
PHBV-10PLE	276	290	63.0	132	2.09	171	73	110	66	169	76	1373 ± 15	24.7 ± 0.3	3.6 ± 0.2

^aDetermined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under N₂ flux, by heating at 10 °C/min.

^bDetermined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).

^cDetermined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) during the first heating scan.

^dDetermined by DSC during the cooling scan.

^eDetermined by DSC during the second heating scan.

^fDetermined by INSTRON dynamometer.