Fig. 5.

Exacerbated inflammation induced by LPS in vitro and in vivo in ALDH2^−/− mice. (A and B) qRT-PCR analysis of TNF-α, COX2 and IL-1β gene expression from CCF-STTG1 cells pre-treated with 5 or 10 μM 4-HNE for 2 h, followed by 1 μg/mL LPS (A) or 1 ng/mL TNF-α (B) for 24 h. (C and D) qRT-PCR analysis of TNF-α, COX2 and IL-1β gene expression from the whole brain (C) and plasma (D) of 9-month-old WT and ALDH2^−/− mice with 4 h treatment of 4 mg/kg LPS or vehicle. (E-H) Representative immunofluorescent images of brain slices from WT and ALDH2^−/− mice with 4 h treatment of 4 mg/kg LPS stained for GFAP (E) and NeuN (F) and respective quantitative analysis (G and H) in optical density units. All samples were normalized to the housekeeping gene, β-actin. Optical density was measured for the entire image displayed. Data represent mean ± S.E.M analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's or Tukey's multi-comparison analysis from (n = 3–6): *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001.