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. 2020 Mar 7;6(3):e03526. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03526

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© 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Simulated the effects of mitochondria, PMCA, and SERCA on intracellular calcium clearance. (A) The first spike of Ca²⁺ was due to release of Ca²⁺ from the ER resulting mainly from opening of the IP₃R, which was induced by the application of agonist. (B) The role of mitochondria is tested by blocking mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uptake. (C) The effects of the ER on Ca²⁺ clearance dynamics are determined by simulations with a disabled SERCA pump. (D) Both mitochondrial and ER uptake of Ca²⁺ are blocked by combining the protocols used in Figures. 4B and 4C.