Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analysis results for factors associated with HIVST awareness and acceptability among men in Kigali, Rwanda.
| Variables | HIVST Awareness |
HIVST Acceptability |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) | p value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) | p value | |
| Age in years | 0.98 (0.95–1.00) | 0.095 | - | - | 1.05 (1.02–1.08) | 0.02 | - | - |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Single | Reference | Reference | - | - | Reference | Reference | - | - |
| Married | 0.86 (0.54–1.36) | 0.15 | - | - | 1.06 (0.70–1.61) | 0.63 | - | - |
| Others | 0.29 (0.07–1.28) | - | - | 1.59 (0.59–4.33) | - | - | ||
| Education level | ||||||||
| Do not know | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| University | 3.14 (0.85–11.65) | 0.000 | 3.22 (1.11–9.36) | 0.11 | - | - | ||
| Secondary | 1.12 (0.31–4.04) | 2.19 (0.82–5.88) | - | - | ||||
| Primary | 0.57 (0.15–2.19) | 2.86 (1.03–7.94) | - | - | ||||
| Income level | ||||||||
| Unemployed | Reference | Reference | - | - | Reference | Reference | - | - |
| Self-employed | 0.99 (0.60–1.64) | 0.41 | - | - | 2.97 (1.89–4.68) | 0.000 | - | - |
| Professional | 0.75 (0.46–1.20) | - | - | 1.74 (1.09–2.75) | ||||
| Location | ||||||||
| Gasabo | Reference | Reference | - | - | Reference | Reference | - | - |
| Nyarugenge | 1.18 (0.71–1.96) | 0.81 | 0.32 (0.20–0.50) | 0.000 | - | - | ||
| Kicukiro | 1.03 (0.61–1.75) | 0.49 (0.31–0.79) | ||||||
| Sex preference | ||||||||
| Heterosexual | Reference | Reference | - | - | 1.86 (0.52–6.69) | 0.51 | - | - |
| Homosexual | 2.39 (0.29–19.04) | 0.38 | - | - | Reference | Reference | - | - |
| Bisexual | 0.89 (0.05–16.59) | 1.17 (0.20–6.80) | ||||||
| Age at first sex | ||||||||
| Early (<18) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | - | - | ||
| Late (>18) | 0.86 (0.66–1.12) | 0.260 | 1.45 (1.13–1.86) | 0.003 | - | - | ||
| Sexual encounter | ||||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | - | - | Reference | Reference | - | - |
| Yes | 1.23 (0.76–1.99) | 0.39 | - | - | 1.75 (1.16–2.62) | 0.001 | - | - |
| Circumcised | ||||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | - | - | Reference | Reference | - | - |
| Yes | 3.57 (1.75–7.29) | 0.001 | - | - | 1.10 (0.69–1.74) | 0.68 | - | - |
| Paid/received for sex in the last month | ||||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | - | - |
| Yes | 0.21 (0.03–1.58) | 0.049 | 0.09 (0.007–0.88) | 0.038 | 0.48 (0.78–1.26) | 0.15 | - | - |
| Ever had STI | ||||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | - | - | Reference | Reference | - | - |
| Yes | 0.83 (0.30–2.24) | 0.70 | - | - | 4.17 (0.97–17.89) | 0.02 | - | - |
| Partner shared HIV status | ||||||||
| Never | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | - | - | ||
| Rarely | 1.04 (0.52–2.06) | 0.06 | 0.49 (0.28–8.70) | 0.040 | - | - | ||
| Sometimes | 2.34 (1.21–4.50) | 1.42 (0.65–3.09) | - | - | ||||
| Always | 1.64 (0.87–3.07) | 1.12 (0.58–2.17) | - | - | ||||
| Know how to use condom | ||||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | - | - |
| Yes | 2.75 (1.36–5.53) | 0.0019 | 3.01 (1.42–6.39) | 0.004 | 1.27 (0.75–2.12) | 0.38 | - | - |
| Received condoms in the last 12 months | ||||||||
| Never | Reference | Reference | - | - | Reference | Reference | - | - |
| Rarely | - | - | 1.15 (0.63–2.09) | 0.09 | - | - | ||
| Sometimes | - | - | 1.62 (0.89–2.94) | - | - | |||
| Always | - | - | 0.62 (0.32–1.20) | - | - | |||
| Condom use after drugs and alcohol | ||||||||
| Never | Reference | Reference | - | - | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Rarely | 1.003 (0.51–1.96) | 0.86 | - | - | 0.15 (0.06–0.35) | 0.000 | 0.25 (0.07–0.96) | 0.044 |
| Sometimes | 1.02 (0.43–2.41) | - | - | 0.29 (0.14–0.60) | 0.44 (0.13–1.44) | |||
| Always | 1.75 (0.53–5.79) | - | - | 0.48 (0.22–1.03) | 0.50 (0.17–1.47) | |||
| HIV risk perception | ||||||||
| Low | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | - | - |
| High | 1.13 (1.04–1.23) | 0.0048 | 2.83 (0.36–6.53) | 0.015 | 2 (1.15–3.50) | 0.000 | - | - |
| Health-seeking behavior | ||||||||
| Poor | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Good | 1.98 (1.29–3.04) | 0.0014 | 2.22 (1.18–4.17) | 0.0013 | 0.47 (0.32–0.70) | 0.000 | 0.48 (0.26–0.88) | 0.02 |
| HIVST knowledge | ||||||||
| Poor | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Good | 12.21 (6.39–22.33) | 0.00001 | 12.45 (5.99–25.84) | 0.000 | 2.09 (1.44–3.05) | 0.0001 | 2.95 (1.66–5.23) | 0.000 |
| HIVST attitude | ||||||||
| Negative | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Positive | 1.69 (1.11–2.58) | 0.01 | 2.35 (1.37–4.04) | 0.002 | 4.12 (2.78–6.10) | 0.000 | 2.55 (1.39–4.65) | 0.002 |