Table 1.
The characteristics of selected studies for the meta-analysis.
| Author | Year | Country | Continent | Methods | No. examined | No. Infected | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| McLeod J. A | 1937 | Canada | Americas | Morphology | 30 | 18 | (McLeod, 1937) |
| Cheatum E. L | 1941 | USA | Americas | Morphology | 72 | 41 | (Cheatum, 1941) |
| Brackett S | 1942 | USA | Americas | Morphology | 72 | 25 | (Brackett, 1942) |
| Guth BD | 1979 | USA | Americas | Morphology | 1244 | 169 | (Guth et al., 1979) |
| Blair D | 1979 | Australia | Oceania | Morphology | 548 | 310 | (Blair and Ottesen, 1979) |
| Strohm B. C | 1981 | USA | Americas | Morphology | 23 | 7 | (Blankespoor and Meier, 1981) |
| Pence D.B | 1982 | USA | Americas | Morphology | 5 | 5 | (Pence and Rhodes, 1982) |
| Appleton C.C | 1983 | Western Australia | Oceania | Morphology | 31 | 25 | (Appleton, 1983) |
| Palmer. D | 1984 | Switzerland | Europe | Morphology | 20 | 16 | (Palmer and Ossent, 1984) |
| Appleton C·C | 1986 | South Africa | Africa | Morphology | 1554 | 264 | (Appleton, 1986) |
| Athari A | 1990 | Iran | Asia | Morphology | 188 | 16 | (Athari et al., 1990) |
| Brent R. L | 1995 | USA | Americas | Morphology | 202 | 78 | (Loken et al., 1995) |
| Barber. E | 1995 | USA | Americas | Morphology | 96 | 68 | (Barber and Caira, 1995) |
| Kolarova. L | 1997 | Czech Republic | Europe | Morphology | 2051 | 239 | (Kolarova et al., 1997) |
| Martini F. S | 1999 | Spain | Europe | Morphology | 8 | 6 | (Simon-Martin and Simon-Vicente, 1999) |
| Rudolfova J | 2002 | Czech Republic | Europe | Morphology | 54 | 13 | (Rudolfova et al., 2002) |
| Bayssade-dufour C | 2006 | France | Europe | Morphological and molecular | 31 | 11 | (Bayssade-Dufour et al., 2006) |
| Davis NE | 2006 | New Zealand | Oceania | Morphology | 38 | 27 | (Davis, 2006) |
| Kolářová L | 2006 | Iceland | Europe | Morphological and molecular | 27 | 7 | (Kolářová et al., 2006) |
| Athari A | 2006 | Iran | Asia | Morphology | 138 | 25 | (Rostami-Jalilian, 2006) |
| Rudolfova J | 2007 | Czech Republic | Europe | Morphology | 102 | 23 | (Rudolfová et al., 2007) |
| Rudolfova J | 2007 | Poland | Europe | Morphology | 73 | 21 | (Rudolfová et al., 2007) |
| Brant SV | 2007 | USA | Americas | Morphological and molecular | 13 | 12 | (Brant, 2007) |
| Jouet D | 2008 | France | Europe | Morphology | 115 | 76 | (Jouet et al., 2008) |
| Jouet D | 2009 | France | Europe | Morphology | 399 | 174 | (Jouet et al., 2009) |
| Brant SV | 2009 | USA | Americas | Morphological and molecular | 378 | 92 | (Brant and Loker, 2009b) |
| Skírnisson K | 2009 | Iceland | Europe | Morphological | 110 | 39 | (Skírnisson and Kolářová, 2008) |
| Jouet D | 2010 | Iceland France |
Europe | Morphological and molecular | 373 | 150 | (Jouet et al., 2010) |
| Mahdavi SA | 2012 | Iran | Asia | Morphology | 110 | 15 | (Mahdavi et al., 2013) |
| Maleki SH | 2012 | Iran | Asia | Molecular techniques | 45 | 12 | (Maleki et al., 2012) |
| Gohardehi SH | 2013 | Iran | Asia | Morphology | 260 | 41 | (Gohardehi et al., 2013) |
| Birmani NA | 2013 | Pakistan | Asia | Morphology | 101 | 11 | (Birmani et al., 2013) |
| Kolářová L | 2013 | Iceland | Europe | molecular techniques | 19 | 14 | (Kolářová, 2013) |
| Aldhoun JA | 2014 | South African | Africa | Morphology | 555 | 45 | (Aldhoun and Horne, 2015) |
| Jouet D | 2015 | Iceland | Europe | Morphological and molecular | 46 | 3 | (Joue et al., 2015) |
| Jouet D | 2015 | Iceland | Europe | Morphological and molecular | 80 | 36 | (Joue et al., 2015) |
| Jouet D | 2015 | France | Europe | Morphological and molecular | 29 | 11 | (Joue et al., 2015) |
| Fakhar M | 2016 | Iran | Asia | Morphological and molecular | 508 | 45 | (Fakhar et al., 2016) |
| Prüter H | 2017 | Germany | Europe | molecular techniques | 106 | 35 | (Prüter et al., 2017) |
| Hayashi k | 2017 | Japan | Asia | molecular techniques | 13 | 4 | (Hayashi, 2017) |
| Brant S. V | 2017 | Argentina | Americas | molecular techniques | 40 | 1 | (Brant et al., 2017) |