Figure 5.

Heatmap and 3D printed phantom hands. (A) Heatmap visualizing a linear increase in thickness extrusion with a minimum offset at distal phalanges and a maximum offset at the forearm. Thus, skin layers of different thickness e.g., a variable thickened cutis can be created. (B) Completely 3D printed phantom hands without (H02) and with (H01) screwed on hand marker. Compared to H01 with CF structure, H02 has a CEF design with skin pores, subcutaneous fat and boundary. The bones in H02 cannot be seen through the subcutaneous fat of opaque SUP. After the printing process, the SUP of subcutaneous fat appears black (B, H02) and after kneading it greys up to white (C). CF, cube face; CEF, cube edge face.