Table 2.
Summary of Campylobacter prevalence in different Sub-Saharan Africa regions; occurrence of the species in different animals, locations, samples and resistance to antibiotics. In brackets are the number of studies reporting such occurrence.
| C. jejuni | C. coli | C. lari | C. upsaliensis | C. fetus | C. hyointestinalis | C. sputorum | C.troglodytis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence range per region | ||||||||
| EA | 0%–100% (19) | 0%–50% (17) | 0%–2.4% (2) | 4% (1) | 2.4%–5.1% (2) | - | - | 0%–87.5% (1) |
| MA | 13.6%–28.7% (2) | 24.8%–77.3% (2) | 0% (1) | 0% (1) | - | - | - | - |
| SA | 0.4%–73.3% (10) | 2%–48.2% (9) | - | 3%–13.1% (2) | 0%–2.1% (4) | - | - | - |
| WA | 0%–64.2% (23) | 0%–73% (25) | 0%–12.5% (11) | 0%–20.6% (6) | 0.1%–31.2% (6) | 0.4%–1.7% (3) | 0.7%–2.8% (2) | - |
| Animals | ||||||||
| Poultry (2) [chickens (25), ducks (3), guinea fowls (2), turkeys (1), pigeons (1)], cattle (11), camels (1), cats (2), crows (1), dogs (5), goats (5), guinea pigs (1), horses (1), quails (1), monkeys (1), pigs (8), rats (1), sheep (9) | Poultry (2) [chickens (26), ducks (2), guinea fowls (3)], cattle (11), camels (1), cats (1), crows (1), dogs (4), goats (7), grasscutters (1), guinea pigs (1), horses (1), pigs (9), quails (1), rats (1), sheep (9) | Camels (1), cattle (3), chickens (6), ducks (1), goats (1), guinea fowls (1), pigeons (1), pigs (1), sheep (3) | Camels (1), cats (1), cattle (1), chickens (2), dogs (2), pigs (1), sheep (1) | Cattle (12) | Cattle (2), pigs (1) | Camels (1), cattle (1) | Wild chimpanzees (1) | |
| Locations | ||||||||
| Abattoirs (16), farms (23), laboratory (1), rural or urban households (4), live bird markets (1), urban or peri-urban area (2), research institute (1), retail market/shop (1), rural area (2), state (4), town/metropolis (2), urban or rural veterinary clinics/premises (3), warehouses (1), wild (1) | Abattoirs (16), community (1), farms (24), households (3), laboratory (1), live bird markets (1), research institute (1), retail market/shop (2), rural area (2), state/town (7), veterinary clinics (2), warehouse (1) | Abattoirs (3), farms (3), live bird market (1), state (4) | Abattoirs (1), farms (2), households (2), state (3), veterinary clinics (2) | Farms (7), laboratory records (4), state (1) |
State (1), farms (2), households (1) | State (1), farms (1) | National parks (1) | |
| Samples tested for Campylobacter | ||||||||
| Caeca (5), carcass (11), cloaca (7), colon (1), feces (37), vaginal swab (1) | Caeca (4), carcass (14), cloaca (9), colon (1), feces (33) | Carcass (3), cloaca (3), feces (7), | Carcass (1), feces (7) | Cervico-vaginal mucus (1), rectal (1), preputial (10), vaginal mucus (1) | Feces (2), preputial washings and cervico-vaginal mucus (1) | Feces (1), preputial washings and cervico-vaginal mucus (1) | Feces (1) | |
| Resistance to antibiotics (above 10% of the isolates) | ||||||||
| Erythromycin (48.7%), Ampicillin (42.5%), Tetracycline (35.8%), Nalidixic Acid (32.0%), Ciprofloxacin (30.7%), Streptomycin (12.1%), Trimethoprim/Sulfametoxazole (10.6%), Gentamicin (10.5%) | Erythromycin (59.1%), Ampicillin (45.3%), Ciprofloxacin (40.2%), Nalidixic Acid (37.4%), Tetracycline (36.8%), Streptomycin (16.7%), Trimethoprim/Sulfametoxazole (14.7%), Chloramphenicol (12.9%), Gentamicin (12.9%) | Erythromycin (89.1%), Ampicillin (78.2%), Ciprofloxacin (51.2%), Nalidixic Acid (43.8%), Trimethoprim/Sulfametoxazole (19.4%), Tetracycline (17.9%), Cephalexin (16.7%), Chloramphenicol (16.5%), Cefotaxime (14.9%) | Erythromycin (90.4%), Ampicillin (73.9%), Ciprofloxacin (49.2%), Nalidixic Acid (46.7%) |
NR | NR | NR | NR | |
EA: Eastern Africa; MA: Middle Africa; SA: Southern Africa; WA: Western Africa; NR: Not reported.