Table 1.
Characteristics of studied population, segregated by gender (mean values and standard deviations; medians and interquartile ranges [IQR])
| All (n: 1659) | Men (n: 561) | Women (n: 1,098) | p Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||||
| Age (years) | 50.16 | 17.42 | 54.39 | 16.51 | 48.00 | 17.48 | <.001 |
| City level (first‐tier cities, %) | 37.67 | 32.62 | 40.26 | .002 | |||
| Lifestyle | |||||||
| Cigarette smoker (%) | 33.39 | 62.39 | 3.46 | <.001 | |||
| Alcohol consumer (%) | 27.55 | 49.55 | 16.3 | <.001 | |||
| Weekly moderate‐to‐vigorous activity (hr) | .208 | ||||||
| Median | 1.00 | 1.17 | 1.00 | ||||
| IQR | 0–4.50 | 0–5.17 | 0–4.00 | ||||
| Anthropometry | |||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.84 | 3.55 | 24.58 | 3.75 | 23.46 | 3.38 | <.001 |
| WC (cm) | 82.23 | 10.7 | 86.6 | 10.44 | 79.99 | 10.13 | <.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 124.13 | 19.05 | 129.6 | 17.49 | 121.34 | 19.21 | <.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.11 | 22.47 | 83.24 | 26.47 | 77.01 | 19.8 | <.001 |
| Diet | |||||||
| Energy (KJ/day) | 7,030.29 | 3,231.93 | 8,041.56 | 3,437.53 | 6,513.61 | 2,994.11 | <.001 |
| Dietary protein (g/day) | 56.87 | 35.39 | 66.11 | 37.29 | 52.15 | 33.42 | <.001 |
| Dietary fat (g/day) | 60.84 | 35.22 | 66.84 | 37.18 | 57.78 | 33.79 | <.001 |
| Dietary carbohydrate (g/day) | 234.22 | 130.11 | 267.61 | 137.08 | 217.15 | 123.01 | <.001 |
| Biochemistry | |||||||
| FBG (mmol/L) | 5.55 | 1.53 | 5.79 | 1.75 | 5.42 | 1.38 | <.001 |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | |||||||
| Median | 55.09 | 47.43 | 58.54 | <.001 | |||
| IQR | 35.87–77.73 | 30.37–71.67 | 39.42–81.42 | ||||
| Serum ferritin (pmol/L) | 4.71 | 0.96 | 4.61 | 0.95 | 4.75 | 0.97 | .004 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | |||||||
| Median | 1.24 | 1.36 | 1.19 | <.001 | |||
| IQR | 0.88–1.84 | 0.97–2.04 | 0.85–1.75 | ||||
| HDL‐cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.4 | 0.35 | 1.26 | 0.33 | 1.47 | 0.34 | <.001 |
| LDL‐cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.85 | 0.83 | 2.81 | 0.81 | 2.87 | 0.84 | .174 |
| TG (mmol/L) | |||||||
| Median | 0.67 | 0.75 | 0.65 | <.001 | |||
| IQR | 0.31–1.41 | 0.43–1.45 | 0.27–1.36 | ||||
| hs‐CRP (mg/L) | |||||||
| Median | 2.05 | 1.82 | 2.17 | <.001 | |||
| IQR | 1.32–2.98 | 1.14–2.77 | 1.45–3.08 | ||||
| HOMA‐IR | |||||||
| Median | 2.15 | 4.00 | 1.33 | <.001 | |||
| IQR | 0.92–4.12 | 2.48–6.01 | 0.65–2.81 | ||||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HOMA‐IR, Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance; hs‐CRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; WC, waist circumference.