. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 10.

Published in final edited form as: Dev Neurobiol. 2019 Apr 1;79(7):738–749. doi: 10.1002/dneu.22677

Table 4.

Leisure Activity at Baseline as a Moderator Between Change in Brain β-amyloid and Change in Episodic Memory from Baseline to Follow-Up

	Change Free and Cued Recall	Change Cued Intrusions	Change Pictures Recognition
	β (SE)	β (SE)	β (SE)
Cognitively Stimulating Leisure Activity
Constant	(0.30)^**	(0.22)^**	(0.35)
Chronological Age	−0.11 (0.01)	−0.12 (0.00)	0.08 (0.01)
Mental Age	−0.31 (0.02)^†	−0.17 (0.02)	−0.07 (0.03)
Leisure	0.24 (0.03)	0.32 (0.02)^*	0.18 (0.04)
Change β-amyloid	0.24 (0.04)	0.19 (0.03)	−0.01 (0.05)
Leisure X Change β-amyloid	−0.25 (0.02)	−0.24 (0.02)	−0.12 (0.03)
Social Leisure Activity
Constant	(0.30)^**	(0.21)^**	(0.32)
Chronological Age	−0.06 (0.01)	−0.05 (0.00)	0.11 (0.01)
Mental Age	−0.18 (0.02)	−0.01 (0.02)	−0.03 (0.02)
Leisure	0.21 (0.03)	0.28 (0.02)^†	0.42 (0.03)^*
Change β-amyloid	0.45 (0.04)^*	0.47 (0.03)^*	0.14 (0.05)
Leisure X Change β-amyloid	−0.29 (0.04)†	−0.41 (0.03)^*	−0.13 (0.05)
Physical Leisure Activity
Constant	(0.31)^*	(0.23)^**	(0.34)
Chronological Age	−0.06 (0.01)	−0.07 (0.01)	0.18 (0.01)
Mental Age	−0.13 (0.02)	0.03 (0.02)	−0.04 (0.02)
Leisure	0.15 (0.03)	0.07 (0.02)	0.01 (0.04)
Change β-amyloid	0.31 (0.04)	0.28 (0.03)	0.10 (0.05)
Leisure X Change β-amyloid	−0.16 (0.05)	−0.16 (0.03)	0.26 (0.05)
Overall Leisure Activity
Constant	(0.28)^**	(0.20)^**	(0.34)†
Chronological Age	−0.11 (0.01)	−0.11 (0.00)	0.09 (0.01)
Mental Age	−0.29 (0.02)^†	−0.14 (0.01)	−0.08 (0.02)
Leisure	0.35 (0.03)^*	0.39 (0.02)^*	0.33 (0.04)^†
Change β-amyloid	0.27 (0.04)	0.23 (0.03)	0.01 (0.05)
Leisure X Change β-amyloid	−0.42 (0.04)^**	−0.46 (0.03)^**	−0.13 (0.04)

Note.

^†

p<.10,

p < .05,

^**

p< .01.

Note. Due to log transformation of all episodic memory variables, greater change from baseline to follow-up values indicate less decline in episodic memory.