Table 2.
Multivariate analyses of the associations with 365-day all-cause death
| All-cause death | Univariate |
Multivariate |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
||||||||||
| HR | 95% CI | P value | HR | 95% CI | P value | HR | 95% CI | P value | HR | 95% CI | P value | |
| PVS | ||||||||||||
| Low | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||||||
| High | 1.857 | 1.293-2.667 | 0.001 | 1.642 | 1.049-2.570 | 0.030 | ||||||
| PVS and CONUT score | ||||||||||||
| Low-PVS/low-CONUT | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||||||
| High-PVS/low-CONUT | 2.058 | 1.144-3.702 | 0.016 | 1.785 | 0.929-3.340 | 0.082 | ||||||
| Low-PVS/high-CONUT | 2.784 | 1.554-4.986 | 0.001 | 1.422 | 0.767-2.637 | 0.264 | ||||||
| High-PVS/high-CONUT | 3.982 | 2.349-6.750 | < 0.001 | 2.076 | 1.147-3.757 | 0.016 | ||||||
| PVS and PNI | ||||||||||||
| Low-PVS/high-PNI | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||||||
| High-PVS/high-PNI | 2.076 | 1.120-3.846 | 0.020 | 1.705 | 0.873-3.332 | 0.118 | ||||||
| Low-PVS/low-PNI | 2.742 | 1.522-4.938 | 0.001 | 1.438 | 0.774-2.674 | 0.251 | ||||||
| High-PVS/low-PNI | 3.814 | 2.238-6.498 | < 0.001 | 2.094 | 1.166-3.761 | 0.013 | ||||||
| Adjusting factors | ||||||||||||
| Status | ||||||||||||
| Age (per 10-y old) | 1.269 | 1.072-1.501 | 0.006 | 1.454 | 1.182-1.790 | < 0.001 | 1.443 | 1.173-1.776 | 0.001 | 1.450 | 1.177-1.787 | < 0.001 |
| Gender (male) | 0.983 | 0.680-1.422 | 0.929 | 1.209 | 0.806-1.814 | 0.359 | 1.185 | 0.787-1.783 | 0.417 | 1.159 | 0.768-1.748 | 0.483 |
| Etiology (ischemia, yes) | 0.816 | 0.567-1.173 | 0.272 | 0.691 | 0.462-1.032 | 0.071 | 0.701 | 0.47-1.047 | 0.083 | 0.706 | 0.471-1.058 | 0.092 |
| Type (readmission, yes) | 1.151 | 0.804-1.646 | 0.442 | 0.717 | 0.481-1.069 | 0.102 | 0.719 | 0.482-1.071 | 0.105 | 0.757 | 0.504-1.137 | 0.179 |
| NYHA (IV, yes) | 1.984 | 1.174-3.353 | 0.011 | 2.201 | 1.276-3.797 | 0.005 | 2.219 | 1.287-3.827 | 0.004 | 2.187 | 1.269-3.769 | 0.005 |
| Medical history (diabetes mellitus, yes) | 1.260 | 0.886-1.792 | 0.198 | 1.465 | 1.008-2.128 | 0.045 | 1.542 | 0.999-2.111 | 0.051 | 1.447 | 0.995-2.104 | 0.053 |
| LVEF (per 10% increase) | 0.953 | 0.860-1.056 | 0.360 | 0.974 | 0.874-1.085 | 0.631 | 0.970 | 0.870-1.081 | 0.58 | 0.974 | 0.874-1.085 | 0.627 |
| Vital signs | ||||||||||||
| SBP (per 10 mm Hg increase) | 0.848 | 0.815-0.882 | < 0.001 | 0.855 | 0.815-0.897 | < 0.001 | 0.859 | 0.817-0.902 | < 0.001 | 0.858 | 0.817-0.902 | < 0.001 |
| Heart rate (per 10 beats/min increase) | 1.004 | 0.961-1.048 | 0.863 | 1.021 | 0.998-1.044 | 0.069 | 1.020 | 0.999-1.042 | 0.068 | 1.020 | 0.999-1.042 | 0.062 |
| Laboratory data | ||||||||||||
| Total bilirubin (per 1 mg/dL increase) | 1.008 | 1.000-1.016 | 0.039 | 1.001 | 0.991-1.010 | 0.914 | 1.000 | 0.990-1.009 | 0.951 | 1.000 | 0.990-1.009 | 0.926 |
| Creatinine (per 0.1 mg/dL increase) | 1.011 | 1.004-1.019 | 0.002 | 1.010 | 1.001-1.019 | 0.032 | 1.010 | 1.001-1.019 | 0.035 | 1.010 | 1.001-1.019 | 0.038 |
| Sodium (per 1.0 mmol/L increase) | 0.946 | 0.919-0.975 | < 0.001 | 0.993 | 0.960-1.026 | 0.661 | 0.996 | 0.963-1.029 | 0.792 | 0.994 | 0.961-1.027 | 0.705 |
| Potassium (per 1.0 mmol/L increase) | 1.537 | 1.265-1.866 | 0.001 | 1.379 | 1.097-1.734 | 0.006 | 1.365 | 1.087-1.715 | 0.007 | 1.363 | 1.087-1.787 | 0.007 |
| Medication | ||||||||||||
| Dobutamine (yes) | 3.027 | 2.122-4.317 | <0.001 | 1.710 | 1.119-2.614 | 0.013 | 1.657 | 1.079-2.543 | 0.021 | 1.657 | 1.080-2.543 | 0.021 |
| ACE-I/ARB (yes) | 0.302 | 0.179-0.510 | <0.001 | 0.594 | 0.343-1.028 | 0.063 | 0.600 | 0.346-1.041 | 0.069 | 0.598 | 0.345-1.037 | 0.067 |
| β-Blocker (yes) | 0.813 | 0.544-1.215 | 0.312 | 0.941 | 0.620-1.429 | 0.775 | 0.944 | 0.622-1.431 | 0.785 | 0.942 | 0.621-1.428 | 0.777 |
ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; CI, confidence interval; CONUT, Controlling Nutritional Status; CRP, C-reactive protein; HR, hazard ratio; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PNI, prognostic nutritional index; PVS, plasma volume status; SBP, systolic blood pressure.