Fig. 1.

Food based dietary guidelines inclusive of health and sustainability aspects (FBDG+) can influence food consumption. Large blue arrows: FBDG + guide individuals and policies towards consuming and promoting healthy sustainable diets. Red arrows: Smart policies, such as incentives, food standards, legislation or fiscal measures promote healthy low footprint consumer food preferences directly (solid line) or indirectly (dotted line). Green arrows: consumer demand feedbacks to food production, distribution, and catering (dotted line) and peer-influence also nudges other consumers (solid lines) towards healthy low footprint diets. Dotted blue arrows: Food system changes lead to increased availability, ubiquity, and attractiveness of healthy low footprint choices. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)