Table 1.
Brain lesion categories encountered in the German Neuropathology Reference Center for Epilepsy Surgery
| Category | Numbers | Age @ Onset | Disease Duration | Age @ Surgery |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HS | 2144 (31.2%) | 11,4 | 22,7 | 34,1 |
| Dual | 262 (3.9%) | 8,6 | 14,6 | 23,3 |
| Tumors | 1680 (25.9%) | 15,4 | 11,5 | 26,8 |
| Malformations | 1238 (18.3%) | 6,0 | 12,1 | 18,3 |
| No Lesion | 542 (8%) | 11,9 | 15,0 | 27,9 |
| Vascular | 369 (5.5%) | 23,1 | 12,7 | 35,9 |
| Scars | 344 (5.1%) | 9,7 | 14,9 | 25,3 |
| Encephalitis | 138 (2%) | 13,2 | 7,7 | 20,7 |
| Double | 30 (0.4%) | 7,0 | 14,8 | 21,4 |
| Total | 6747 | 11,8 | 16,1 | 27,9 |
HS-Hippocampal sclerosis; Dual-dual pathology includes HS with any other principle lesion such as tumors, malformations of cortical development (excluding associated FCD Type IIIA according to the ILAE classification of 2013); vascular malformations, glial scars (excluding postsurgical scars), or encephalitis; Tumors see Table 2; Malformations of cortical development include Focal Cortical Dysplasia (ILAE classification of 2011), polymicrogyria, hemimegalencephaly, hypothalamic hamartoma or cortical tubers; No lesion – microscopic inspection of surgical sample could not reveal any specific lesion entity, including no-HS and gliosis only; Vascular malformations include cavernoma and meningoangiomatosis in Sturge-Weber syndrome, but not ischemic stroke or hypertensive hemorrhages; glial or glio-mesodermal scars include traumatic brain injury and any pre−/peri- or postnatal stroke lesion, excluding postsurgical scaring; Encephalitis includes Rasmussen, limbic or other focal infection; Double pathology represents a combination of at least 2 principal lesions, excluding HS; Age at onset, duration of epilepsy and age at surgery in years