Table 3.
Mean (±SD) Scores of 8 Domains PROQOL-HIV on Demographic and Behavior Data of Study Participants
| Variables | PROQOL-HIV Domains [Mean (SD)] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHS | ED | HC | BC | IR | SR | ST | TI | |||
| Sex | Male | 78.48(13.69) | 59.64 (6.49) | 62.50 (18.53) | 85.59(16.70) | 77.82 (18.35) | 79.45 (17.02) | 75.42 (1.62) | 81.65(8.47) | |
| Female | 77.06(15.93) | 57.5 (8.40) | 61.32(17.69) | 84.78(15.11) | 76.40 (21.76) | 80.32 (16.80) | 73.76 (1.38) | 81.34(8.03) | ||
| P value | 0.652 | 0.091 | 0.162 | 0.245 | 0.674 | 0.281 | 0.073 | 0.647 | ||
| Age | 18 – 35 | 75.89(17.33) | 61.13(17.27) | 69.48(19.83) | 82.25(16.84) | 78.12 (22.56) | 85.22(18.69) | 70.08(1.52) | 78.25 (10.81) | |
| 35–50 | 71.21(14.30) | 59.57(7.47) | 63.21(17.27) | 85.28(15.63) | 76.16(18.72) | 82.75(15.92) | 67.05(1.39) | 83.03 (5.86) | ||
| ≥ 50 | 66.22 (11.92) | 59.25(5.44) | 62.25(15.67) | 80.75(11.42) | 76.66 (21.92) | 82.00 (13.05) | 65.50(1.46) | 83.60 (5.05) | ||
| P value | 0.192 | 0.263 | 0.085 | 0.432 | 0.532 | 0.462 | 0.096 | 0.145 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | <18 | 76.45 (13.75) | 56.79 (8.40) | 55.97(19.26) | 84.78(14.57) | 79.34 (19.60) | 82.60 (16.31) | 72.28 (1.59) | 80.97(9.49) | |
| 18 −24.9 | 77.19 (15.72) | 58.05(7.83) | 61.12 (17.96) | 84.26 (16.23) | 76.38 (20.50) | 79.38 (17.44) | 73.35 (1.43) | 80.83 (8.21) | ||
| ≥25 | 80.67 (13.41) | 61.14 (6.51) | 70.65(13.51) | 89.40 (13.64) | 77.17(22.22) | 80.43 (14.51) | 81.52 (1.40) | 85.00 (5.48) | ||
| P value | 0.232 | 0.153 | 0.185 | 0. 342 | 0. 312 | 0. 642 | 0.191 | 0.151 | ||
| Marital status | Single | 77.08 (17.37) | 54.29 (8.13) | 55.85 (16.21) | 83.20 (16.25) | 88.54 (15.17) | 73.43 (16.37) | 63.28 (1.32) | 73.12 (11.74) | |
| Married | 78.15 (14.97) | 59.58 (7.92) | 63.70 (18.02) | 84.87 (16.24) | 74.81 (20.60) | 80.39 (16.82) | 75.85 (1.45) | 82.50 (7.65) | ||
| Divorced | 78.51 (14.12) | 57.72 (7.22) | 62.68 (17.09) | 85.47 (15.13) | 73.03 (21.12) | 78.67 (17.27) | 73.16 (1.51) | 81.47 (6.74) | ||
| Widowed | 74.24 (15.94) | 57.10 (7.03) | 56.81 (19.47) | 86.64 (14.60) | 82.95 (19.49) | 85.23 (15.73) | 78.40 (1.28) | 83.29 (5.63) | ||
| P value | 0.551 | 0.135 | 0. 117 | 0. 202 | 0. 126 | 0. 142 | 0.201 | 0.127 | ||
| Educational status | Cannot read & write | 76.85 (16.74) | 57.64 (8.72) | 56.59 (16.25) | 81.63 (16.26) | 70.55 (18.52) | 76.25 (17.28) | 73.61 (1.41) | 81.25 (9.36) | |
| Primary | 77.98 (14.23) | 58.63 (7.46) | 62.16 (16.08) | 85.86 (14.99) | 77.08 (20.43) | 80.84 (15.66) | 76.08 (1.29) | 82.74 (6.55) | ||
| Secondary | 76.61 (13.50) | 57.45 (7.64) | 60.68 (19.51) | 85.08 (15.20) | 73.65 (20.64) | 77.02 (18.84) | 69.75 (1.82) | 79.35 (9.63) | ||
| College and above | 77.92 (20.52) | 58.88 (9.15) | 66.44 (24.58) | 83.55 (19.67) | 78.07 (23.27) | 79.60 (19.20) | 74.34 (1.69) | 78.81 (10.55) | ||
| P value | 0.058 | 0. 067 | 0. 171 | 0. 142 | 0. 226 | 0. 144 | 0.111 | 0.131 | ||
| Residence | Rural | 80.28 (15.57) | 58.67 (7.16) | 63.30 (16.51) | 76.69 (16.27) | 60.64 (19.29) | 71.85 (18.21) | 65.80 (1.36) | 72.09 (7.16) | |
| Urban | 86.93 (14.99) | 58.23 (7.96) | 71.38 (18.32) | 84.68 (15.56) | 71.03 (20.78) | 79.55 (16.53) | 74.03 (1.50) | 81.29 (8.41) | ||
| P value | 0.098 | 0. 078 | 0. 217 | 0. 132 | 0. 257 | 0. 063 | 0.133 | 0.354 | ||
| Monthly income (USD) | No regular income | 67.92 (14.60) | 57.53 (7.76) | 56.85 (16.16) | 75.33 (14.86) | 69.48 (20.39) | 70.28 (17.04) | 64.35 (1.42) | 81.66 (8.25) | |
| <40 | 75.81 (16.13) | 58.45 (7.63) | 60.66 (20.82) | 83.82 (15.15) | 77.94 (23.37) | 83.82 (13.81) | 72.05 (1.36) | 81.32 (6.73) | ||
| 40- 80 | 78.13 (13.08) | 60.48 (7.96) | 65.72 (19.62) | 83.67 (16.90) | 72.31 (18.92) | 79.83 (18.72) | 77.02 (1.61) | 82.90 (5.98) | ||
| 80–120 | 76.21 (20.21) | 56.64 (8.37) | 60.93 (19.96) | 89.45 (16.57) | 75.00 (23.17) | 76.56 (15.72) | 70.31 (1.63) | 78.59 (11.29) | ||
| ≥120 | 78.08 (16.02) | 59.37 (7.19) | 64.93 (18.33) | 83.68 (17.56) | 74.53 (18.84) | 78.47 (17.04) | 75.69 (1.45) | 80.69 (9.23) | ||
| P value | 0.157 | 0. 087 | 0. 261 | 0. 124 | 0. 562 | 0. 414 | 0.521 | 0.061 | ||
| Living Status | Living with immediate family | 76.86 (15.33) | 58.29 (8.09) | 61.98 (18.73) | 84.27 (16.09) | 75.34 (20.42) | 79.09 (17.19) | 74.28 (1.48) | 81.04 (8.71) | |
| Living with extended family | 79.86 (14.19) | 58.25 (6.81) | 60.04 (15.71) | 87.72 (14.17) | 81.54 (21.31) | 83.48 (15.97) | 74.55 (1.57) | 82.41 (6.50) | ||
| Living alone | 78.08 (15.11) | 58.33 (7.65) | 62.50 (15.30) | 86.11 (14.91) | 82.40 (18.83) | 81.94 (15.45) | 75.00 (1.25) | 83.61 (4.69) | ||
| P value | 0.358 | 0. 237 | 0. 901 | 0. 521 | 0. 721 | 0.515 | 0.431 | 0.292 | ||
| Job/Occupation | Gov’t employee | 78.36 (14.79) | 58.88 (7.49) | 64.14 (17.59) | 84.70 (15.62) | 76.53 (18.36) | 76.97 (17.56) | 73.68 (1.47) | 81.31 (7.55) | |
| Non-gov’t employee | 69.44 (20.26) | 56.69 (9.64) | 54.01 (21.03) | 83.03 (17.91) | 70.23 (24.83) | 75.00 (13.86) | 68.75 (1.68) | 78.03 (11.85) | ||
| Self-employed | 80.01 (14.01) | 60.17 (6.72) | 64.46 (17.02) | 86.02 (16.18) | 75.00 (20.13) | 84.31 (16.17) | 77.20 (1.40) | 83.23 (6.10) | ||
| Unemployed | 77.14 (14.88) | 56.95 (7.91) | 59.43 (16.83) | 84.90 (15.08) | 79.55 (21.21) | 80.18 (16.52) | 74.29 (1.43) | 81.65 (8.02) | ||
| P value | 0.083 | 0. 068 | 0. 087 | 0. 411 | 0. 437 | 0.352 | 0.131 | 0.212 | ||
| Behavioral Measures | Smoker | Yes | 75.21 (15.39) | 58.17 (7.45) | 62.25 (19.48) | 84.13 (16.88) | 75.32 (20.06) | 75.48 (18.19) | 75.48 (1.74) | 81.05 (9.54) |
| No | 78.04 (15.07) | 58.34 (7.88) | 61.66 (17.72) | 85.26 (15.48) | 77.23 (20.67) | 80.87 (16.48) | 74.16 (1.42) | 81.52 (7.91) | ||
| P value | 0.253 | 0. 158 | 0. 069 | 0. 121 | 0. 077 | 0.152 | 0.233 | 0.444 | ||
| Alcohol use | Yes | 76.71 (14.45) | 58.25 (7.46) | 61.90 (17.80) | 85.04 (16.00) | 76.68 (20.11) | 79.46 (16.53) | 74.55 (1.48) | 81.22 (8.98) | |
| No | 78.54 (15.85) | 58.38 (8.20) | 61.59 (18.24) | 85.11 (15.40) | 77.19 (21.09) | 80.59 (17.24) | 74.17 (1.47) | 81.71 (7.21) | ||
| P value | 0.471 | 0. 217 | 0. 131 | 0. 257 | 0. 098 | 0.476 | 0.381 | 0.267 | ||
| Chat Chewer | Yes | 79.69 (14.79) | 58.62 (6.11) | 65.73 (15.72) | 86.00 (16.33) | 73.27 (21.75) | 79.74 (17.49) | 77.15 (1.33) | 83.27 (5.30) | |
| No | 77.12 (15.20) | 58.25 (8.14) | 60.87 (18.35) | 84.87 (15.58) | 77.73 (20.24) | 80.05 (16.75) | 73.75 (1.50) | 81.04 (8.64) | ||
| P value | 0.722 | 0.386 | 0.190 | 0.323 | 0.358 | 0.123 | 0.096 | 0.345 | ||
| Herbal/traditional medicine use | Yes | 73.61 (16.36) | 55.00 (10.12) | 58.75 (19.36) | 85.00 (15.64) | 69.16 (25.77) | 78.75 (16.71) | 72.50 (1.64) | 82.25 (5.19) | |
| No | 77.85 (15.05) | 58.54 (7.60) | 61.95 (17.91) | 85.08 (15.72) | 77.44 (20.12) | 80.08 (16.89) | 74.50 (1.46) | 81.40 (8.34) | ||
| P-value | 0.071 | 0. 317 | 0. 054 | 0. 527 | 0. 088 | 0. 661 | 0.321 | 0.143 | ||
Abbreviations: BMI, Body mass index; USD, United States Dollar; Gov’t, Government.