Table 5.
Linear Regression Estimates of Univariate Factors of the Mean (SE) Increase/Reduction (+/−) in PROQOL-HIV Domains According to the Indication of Socio-Demographic, Behavioral, Clinical and Immunologic Factors
| Variables | PROQOL-HIV Domains [Mean (SE)] | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHS | ED | HC | BC | IR | SR | ST | TRT | ||
| Socio demographic factors | |||||||||
| Male sex | −0.673 (2.875) | −1.454 (2.071) | +0.423 (1.786) | +0.035 (1.394) | +0.416 (1.131) | +0.383(1.612) | +0.334 (1.554) | +0.316 (1.343) | |
| Female Sex | −2.937 (1. 587) | −1.454 (1.071) | −0.13 2 (1.346) | −0.136(2.332) | −0.416 (1.101) | +0.038(1.012) | +0.444 (1.405) | +0.636 (2.303) | |
| Age | +0.030 (0.144) | +0.211(0.102) | +0.324 (1.574) | +0.126 (0.117) | +0.631(0.112) | +0.475(0. 717) | +0.064 (0. 077) | +0.231(0.064) | |
| Getting married | −0.172 (2.798) | +1.947(2.006) | +0.164 (0. 089) | +0.233 (1.007) | +1.215 (1.501) | +0.223 (1.241) | +0.225 (1.507) | +2.326 (1.290 | |
| Baseline weight | −0.069 (0.145) | +0.201(0.103) | −1.235 (1.567) | −2.115 (2.517) | −0.105 (1.981) | −0.622 (1.231) | +0.056 (0.078) | +0.117(0.067) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | −1.254 (0.385) | +0.602(0.273) | −1.066 (1.178) | −1.655 (1.597) | −0.233 (1.227) | −0.019 (1.731) | +0.166 (0.207) | +0.202(0.179) | |
| Having formal education | −0.280 (4.405) | +3.521(3.155) | +0.166 (0.207) | +0.115 (2.517) | +1.225 (1.007) | −0.005 (0.507) | −1.093 (2.372) | +0.229 (2.051) | |
| Unemployment | −2.671 (2.950) | −2.234 (2.119) | −1.273 (2.332) | +0.621 (1.112) | −2.315 (1.500) | −1.225 (1.507) | −1.730 (1.587) | −0.296 (1.377) | |
| Lack of regular income | −1.335 (1.772) | −1.980 (1.996) | −2.330 (2.587) | +0.217 (1.561) | −2.701(2.203) | −1.221 (1.592) | −1.854 (1.493) | +0.417 (1.296) | |
| Urban residence | +6.773 (3.480) | +1.167(2.531) | +1.854 (1.493) | +1.624 (1.089) | +1.223 (1.234) | +1.453 (1.077) | +2.599 (1.886) | +0.798 (1.639) | |
| Living with family | −5.796 (5.731) | −2.222(4.131) | −2.569 (1.866) | +1.330 (1.387) | −1.183 (1.732) | −1.173 (1.352) | −2.646 (3.091) | −2.450 (2.670) | |
| Behavioral measures | |||||||||
| Smoking history | −1.829 (3.770) | −0.287 (2.713) | −1.664 (2.431) | −1.772 (1.556) | −2.324 (2.221) | −1.422 (1.236) | −0.994 (2.031) | −0.472 (1.756) | |
| Alcohol use history | −3.862 (2.770) | −0.209 (2.004) | −1.984 (2.231) | −0.678 (1.731) | −1.472 (1.756) | −0.694 (1.033) | −0.712 (1.501) | −0.490 (1.297) | |
| Chat chewing | +5.549 (3.586) | +2.369(2.592) | −0.712 (1.501) | −0.832 (1.443) | −0.622 (1.500) | +1.212 (1.301) | −0.153 (1.947) | +2.226 (1.673) | |
| Clinical and immunological factors | |||||||||
| CPT use | +8.381 (2.854)‡ | +0.616 (2.104) | +1.660 (1.231) | +1.304 (1.502) | +1.070 (1.102) | +1.050 (1.005) | +1.870 (1.572) | +0.067 (1.365) | |
| TB history | −0.224 (2.972) | +0.297 (2.137) | −1.870 (1.662) | −1.142 (1.232) | −1.570 (1.608) | −1660 (1.442) | −0.755 (1.600) | +0.372 (1.383) | |
| IPT use | +1.008 (2.906) | +1.079 (2.088) | −0.755 (1.230) | +1.008 (2.103) | +1.132 (2.108) | +1.208 (2.126) | +0.400 (1.566) | +1.626 (1.347) | |
| Duration on HAART | −1.075 (0.041) | −1.041 (0.030) | −1.400 (1.536) | −0.025 (0.022) | −1.033 (0.028) | −0.014 (0.027) | +0.004 (0.034) | +0.033 (0.019) | |
| NVP based regimen | +0.293 (3.163) | +4.372 (2.248) | +1.204 (0.122) | +0.144 (1.113) | +0.711 (1.432) | +0.630 (1.903) | +0.744 (1.703) | +2.227(1.462) | |
| EFV based regimen | +1.041 (2.800) | −1.319 (2.012) | +0.744 (1.703) | +0.132(1.137) | +0.961(1.109) | +0.617(1.267) | +0.432(1.509) | +0.080 (1.304) | |
| 2nd line HAART regimen | −2.734 (5.280) | −6.194 (3.768) | −2.432(1.609) | −1.335(2.264) | −1.114 (1.848) | −1.002(1.010) | −2.517 (2.840) | −6.301 (2.409)‡ | |
| Baseline CD4+ count | −0.001(0.011) | +0.007 (0.008) | −1.147 (1.840) | +0.113 (0.120) | +0.173(0.461) | +0.014 (0.126) | +0.013 (0.006)‡ | +0.004 (0.005) | |
| Time elapsed till HAART | +0.096 (0.070) | −0.043 (0.051) | +0.213 (1.126) | −1.096 (1.170) | −1.143 (1.005) | −0.196 (0.270) | +0.006 (0.038) | −0.023 (0.033) | |
| Duration with HIV | −0.047(0.041) | −0.019 (0.029) | −1.216 (1.037) | −1.216(1.217) | −1.311 (1.007) | −1.421(1.010) | −0.004 (0.022) | +0.015 (0.019) | |
| Stage III & IV (WHO) | −2.709 (2.912)‡ | −1.388 (2.097) | −0.234 (1.122) | −1.833 (1.197) | −1.650 (2.007) | −1.400(2.127) | −0.356 (1.573) | +0.596 (1.354) | |
| NCD comorbidity | −14.340(2.539)† | −2.969 (1.988) | −4.014 (1.483)‡ | −3.523 (1.137) | −5.006 (1.803) ‡ | −4.213(1.601) ‡ | −3.099 (1.480) | −0.156 (1.296) | |
Notes: ‡P<0.05; †P<0.001.
Abbreviations: EFV, Efavirenz; NVP, Nevirapine; NCD, non- communicable disease; IPT, Isoniazid preventive therapy; CPT, Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy; PHS, Physical health and symptoms, TRT, treatment related impact, ED, emotional distress, HCs, health concerns, BC, body change, IR, intimate relationships, SR, social relationships, ST, stigma.