Table 2.
Epithelial surface markers targeted for immunomodulation.
| Targeting Agent/Ligand | Target | Application | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| P6 Haemophilus influenzae membrane liporprotein |
TLR2 | 1) NF-κB mediated transcription of MUC5AC, 2) Production of β-defensin 2 antimicrobial protein. | 90,91 |
| F-protein from Respiratory Syncytial Virus | TLR4 | Vulnerability to lipopolysacchardide-mediated inflammation | 92 |
| FPS-ZM1 | Inhibitor for receptor for advanced glycan end products (RAGE) | Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress mediator. | 93 |
| Transferrin | Transferrin receptor | Improves nanoparticle delivery to and across Caco-2 cells | 94 |
| Fc antibody region | Bind to Neonatal Fc Receptor (FcRn) | Mediates transport across epithelial barrier. | 95 |
| alpha-Galactosylceramide | Galactosyl ceramide receptor | Mediates transport across epithelial barrier and modulates immunity | 96 |