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. 2019 Oct 14;1(10):e0047. doi: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000047

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Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the Society of Critical Care Medicine.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

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Figure 3. — Glomerular neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL) protein levels identifies glomerular heterogeneity in sepsis-acute kidney injury (AKI) patients. A, Representative immunohistochemical staining of NGAL (red) in a postmortem kidney biopsy from a sepsis-AKI patient compared with control renal tissue, original magnification ×400. B, Violin plot of glomerulus size of all individual glomeruli per biopsy in control (n = 469 from 12 control biopsies) and sepsis-AKI patients (n = 406 from 27 sepsis-AKI biopsies). The solid lines indicate the median size of all glomeruli in control and sepsis-AKI subjects, respectively. C, Violin plot of glomerular NGAL positivity in all glomeruli tufts from all control (n = 12) and sepsis-AKI patients (n = 27). The solid lines indicate the median glomerular positivity in control and sepsis-AKI subjects, respectively. D, Glomerular NGAL positivity was determined in all glomeruli tufts within a renal biopsy from control subjects (n = 12) and sepsis-AKI (n = 27). Each dot represents the NGAL positivity within a single glomerulus within a single renal biopsy. Solid lines indicate the median glomerular positivity in that particular biopsy. The dashed lines indicate the mean size of all glomeruli in control and sepsis-AKI subjects, respectively. E, Glomerular NGAL messenger RNA levels were determined within the whole biopsy by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction in control (n = 3) and sepsis-AKI patients (n = 5) using glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as a housekeeping gene (gray bars, left axis). Dots indicate the individual glomerular NGAL positivity from the same control and sepsis-AKI patient (right axis). F, Glomerular NGAL protein levels determined in biopsies from sepsis-AKI patients do not correlate with the average number of neutrophils infiltrating glomeruli in the same sepsis-AKI patients. r = 0.109, p = 0.619.