Table 3.
Bivariate analysis of variables associated with low bone mineral densitya
| Z-scorea | p-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥−1.0 (n=33) | < −1 to −2.5 (n=44) | ≤−2.5 (n=15) | ||
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 3(9%) | 15(45%) | 15(45%) | <0.001 |
| Women | ||||
| Persistent amenorrhea | 6(32%) | 12(63%) | 1(6%) | |
| Menses with past year | 18(45%) | 20(50%) | 2(6%) | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Black | 14(32%) | 20(45%) | 10(23%) | 0.48 |
| White | 9(24%) | 23(62%) | 5(14%) | |
| Hispanic | 4(36%) | 4(36%) | 3(27%) | |
| HIV infection | ||||
| Yes | 9(%) | 12(46%) | 6(23%) | 0.81 |
| No | 24(%) | 35(53%) | 12(18%) | |
| Recent heroin use | ||||
| Yes | 4 (21%) | 12 (63%) | 3 (16%) | 0.49 |
| No | 23 (32%) | 35 (48%) | 15 (21%) | |
| Age, mean (S.D.) | 41.2 (6.9) | 41.9 (10.3) | 45.0 (9.2) | 0.26 |
| Weight (kg), mean (S.D.) | 84.4 (17.1) | 77.8 (15.2) | 69.8 (10.9) | 0.009 |
| Tobacco, lifetime years, mean (S.D.) | 26.0 (7.2) | 26.2 (12.2) | 29.3 (8.9) | 0.51 |
| Heavy drinking, lifetime years, mean (S.D)b | 3.3 (2.1) | 9.5 (8.4) | 11.6 (6.8) | 0.02 |
| Heroin, lifetime years, mean (S.D) | 11.7 (8.2) | 13.8 (10.9) | 17.5 (9.4) | 0.16 |
| MMT, lifetime years, mean (S.D) | 4.7 (4.2) | 5.6 (5.3) | 5.6 (6.6) | 0.77 |
| Methadone dosage (mg), mean (S.D) | 83.3 (37.6) | 75.9 (31.2) | 76.0 (33.9) | 0.54 |
a
Z-score is the number of standard deviations that an individual’s measured BMD is compared to an age-matched reference population.
b
>3 drinks on >3 occasions per week for at least 1 year.